En algunos cultivos perennes el uso de inductores ha logrado incrementar la floración y, por ende, la producción de frutos; no obstante, en café es una alternativa poco explorada. En la presente investigación se evaluó el efecto de los inductores florales ácido giberélico y/o nitrato de potasio durante la inducción de nudos sobre la floración y producción en un genotipo de café variedad Castillo®. El estudio se realizó en la Estación Experimental Naranjal, localizada en Chinchiná, Caldas (Colombia), con plantas de café del genotipo CX2720 establecido a una densidad de 3.333 plantas/ha, con dos tallos por sitio. En un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cinco repeticiones, se evaluaron los inductores de floración: ácido giberélico (GA3 - 100 mg L-1), nitrato de potasio (KNO3 - 15 g L-1), su combinación (GA3 + KNO3), además de un testigo sin aplicación. Las aplicaciones se realizaron en noviembre para afectar la floración del primer semestre (enero - junio) del siguiente año. Se registró el número de botones florales promedio por rama, la producción de café cereza y las tasas medias de crecimiento absoluto para diámetro de tallo, altura de tallo y el número de nudos plagiotrópicos. La aplicación de ácido giberélico (GA3) y/o nitrato de potasio (KNO3) no incrementó el número de botones florales, la producción de café cereza o el crecimiento vegetativo. El semestre de mayor precipitación disminuyó la sincronía floral entre los diferentes tratamientos respecto a los períodos más secos.
Coffee production between the first and second harvest presents a difference in the fruit load with the plant age that could affect the leaf gas exchange. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of the increase in fruit load that occurs between the first and second harvest of the Coffea arabica L. production cycle on the measured gas exchange, at the two phenological stages of the fruit. The accessions E057, E318, E338 and E554 were used, as well as a completely randomized design, with three replications, using the accessions as treatments and the harvest measurements during the production cycle as the repeated measures. The variables yield per tree, number of fruits, absolute growth rates for height and stem, leaf area, leaf-to-fruit ratio and leaf gas exchange were measured across the phenological stages of fruit filling and ripening. The increase in the fruit load that occurs with age in the second harvest, if compared to the first harvest, showed a positive and significant effect on the net assimilation rate that was not expected for the obtained leaf-to-fruit ratios. Likewise, the differences in the assimilation rates were higher during the fruit-filling stage. This result suggests that the source-sink relationship may vary with the crop age and fruit phenological stage, and is not entirely depend on the leaf-to-fruit ratio.
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