Yeasts were found concentrated at the sediment surface and with the highest counts at the most polluted site. Candida krusei, Pichia membranaefaciens and similar species typically forming rugose colonies with radiating ridges were the prevalent yeasts in these sediments, and species like Rhodotorula rubra related to basidiomycetous fungi were found in relatively low numbers.

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e n d o n ç a H a g l e r , I.S. d e M e l o , M.C. V a l a d a r e s -In g l i s , B .M . A n y a n g o , J.O. S i q u e i r a , P h a m V a n T o a n a n d R.E. W h e a t l e y C o rrespon ding au th o r: R.E. Wheatley, S cottish C rop R esearch Institute, Invergow rie, D undee D D 2 5DA, Scotland, UK. Fax: +44 1382 568502, e-m a il: R. W heatley@ scri.sari.ac.uk ©CAB International 2006. Environm ental R isk A ssessm ent o f Genetically M odified O rganism s: Vol. 2. M ethodologies for A ssessing B t Cotton in B razil (eds A. Hilbeck et al.) 225 226 L.C. Mendonga HaglereX al.B ox 10.1. Definitions of categories of soil flora and fauna used in this chapter. Soil microorganisms: 0.0002-0.002 mm in length and diameter. Bacteria; fungi (yeasts).Soil microfauna: length 0.004-0.2 mm, diameter < 0.1 mm. e.g. slime moulds in the cellular phase (Acrasiomycetes); slime nets (Labyrinthulomycota); fungi; algae; amoebae; flagellates and ciliates (Protozoa); flatworms (Platyhelminthes). : length 0 .2 -4 mm, diameter 0 .1 -2 mm. e.g. plasmodial slime moulds (Myxomycetes); slime moulds in the pseudoplasmodia phase (Acrasiomycetes); mites (Acarina: Gamasina, Actineda and Oribatida); springtails (Collembola); nematodes (Nematoda); water bears (Tardigrada); rotifers (Rotatoria); enchytraeid worms (Oligochaeta); some flatworms (Platyhelminthes). Soil mesofaunaSoil macrofauna: length 4 -8 0 mm, diameter 2 -2 0 mm. e.g. earthworms (Oligochaeta); pauropods (Pauropoda); symphylans (Symphyla); slugs and snails (Mollusca); millipedes (Diplopoda); centipedes (Chilopoda); woodlice (Isopoda); spiders (Arachnida); insect larvae and adults -some sucking bugs (Hemiptera: Cydnidae, Aphididae), some caterpillars or pupae (Lepidoptera), some fly larvae (Diptera), some beetle larvae and adults (Coleoptera: e.g.