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Arabinoxylans (AXs) – non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs)  is one of the most discussed main components contained in all parts of cereal plants. AXs combine bioactive and technological functions. As dietary fibres, they have physiologically beneficial properties for human health. AXs are water-soluble and insoluble in water. The structure, structure, quantity and properties of AXs depend on which part of the grain or cereal plant is extracted and which method of isolation is used. There are many different methods of preliminary and deep impact aimed at extraction of AXs from plant raw materials. The use of a simple method or complex treatment for quantitative and qualitative determination of AXs depends on objectives and possibilities. The overview provides data on AXs content of different crops, depending on the extraction method. The main classical methods of AXs extraction, their advantages, disadvantages, and possible limitations of use are described. The variants of calculation of the quantitative AXs content used by different authors are separately considered.

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Winter hardiness of plants depends on many factors: plant species, variety, duration of quenching phase and meteorological conditions. The reaction to stressful influences during the autumn-winter period is the changes in the cellular metabolism, in which the accumulation of various substances that protect plants from death occurs. Proline is a multifunctional amino acid, that accumulates in high concentrations in response to various abiotic stresses. The purpose of this study is to identify species and varietal differences in the accumulation of proline in winter crops in the Republic of Tatarstan. The material for research was the leaves of winter wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.), winter rye (Secale cereale L.) and winter triticale (Triticosecale Witt.). The experiments were carried out under conditions of natural stress factors of three consecutive growing seasons of 2014-2017. To determine the state of wintering plants in dynamics, the content of free proline was determined by the Bates method. It is shown that the average values of proline content in winter rye and triticale increased from October to December, but decreased in February. Winter wheat had a further increase in the indicator. The amplitude of the oscillations in December in winter rye was 5.18-13.52 μmol/g, in winter triticale - 9.47-23.15 μmol/g, in winter wheat - 25.81-32.98 μmol/g. The greatest variability of proline values in the studied cultures was noted in February. For each of the winter crops, its reaction rate according to this criterion was revealed. However, there is an intraspecific specific character of the dynamics of the synthesis and breakdown of free proline. Among the studied varieties and hybrids of winter rye, 3 groups differed among themselves. The concentration of proline in the leaves of winter triticale approximated to the values of winter rye, and according to the dynamics of accumulation - to winter wheat.

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