The article presents the results of research of influence of the hygienic condition of the oral cavity and the structural and functional resistance of tooth enamel on the defeat of the first permanent molars of fissure caries. It was found that children of 6–8 years old, under the same dates of oral hygienic care and structural enamel cariesresistance, marked with different frequency decayed molars with different odontoglifics and deep pits on the chewing surfaces.

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