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Zusammenfassung Die medizinische Beurteilung von Verletzungen und potenzieller todesursächlicher Relevanz einer Stromexposition durch eine Elektroschockdistanzwaffe beschränkt sich nicht allein auf die situativen Gegebenheiten und die morphologische Befunderhebung, sondern beinhaltet auch eine intensive Analyse polizeilicher Ermittlungen und die Auswertung von Zeugenaussagen sowie vorangegangener medizinischer Maßnahmen. Insbesondere bei zeitlich relevanter Nähe zwischen Exposition und Todeseintritt muss die Wirkung der übertragenen Stromimpulse in Zusammenhang mit der meist komplexen Einsatzsituation und der medizinischen Vorgeschichte des Geschädigten beurteilt werden. Ein detailliertes Wissen über die konkrete und auch abstrakte Wirkungsweise, Wirksamkeit und Risiken von Elektroschockdistanzwaffen ist hierfür unabdingbar.

The practical course in macroscopic (gross) anatomy is an essential component of medical studies. The dynamic situation with high SARS-CoV-2 infection rates prior to the winter semester (02.11.2020 until 01.03.2021) confronted university institutions with the difficult question of how or whether essential practical courses in medical schools can be conducted in presence. The gross anatomy course at Ulm University took place with a comprehensive hygiene concept and accompanied by a longitudinal study. This included in particular SARS-CoV-2 pathogen detection (swab with RT-PCR) at neuralgic time points, as well as antibody testing at the beginning and at the end of the semester for both students and teaching staff. The first SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test prior to the gross anatomy course revealed two asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals of 327 students. All institute and student staff of this course tested negative at semester start (n=75). Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detected in 6.4% of the anatomy course students (22 out of 345). The second SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test after the Christmas break was negative in all participants, including teaching staff (n=429). At the end of the course in mid-February 2021, seroconversion after infection was detected in only two students of the anatomy course who participated in both tests (0.6%, n=325). Also other semester cohorts of the first three years of study in human medicine and dentistry were invited. No further active SARS-CoV-2 infections at the start of the semester and seven seroconversions after infection (n=335) were detected after the semester in these cohorts. The data illustrate the likely preventive effect from the interaction of hygiene concepts, regular information on the pandemic and testing. Thus, this study demonstrates ways in which face-to-face teaching can be implemented for selected courses at universities, even with high national incidence rates.

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