Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is one of the leading causes of pregnancy-related mortality, accounting for up to 38% of maternal deaths [1,2]. The case fatality rate ranges from 1%-5% in many studies [1][2][3].A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the University Hospital Center, Yaoundé, Cameroon after receiving Ethical Committee approval. The files of patients seen between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2009 were included in the study and reviewed. Informed consent from the patients was not required. A total of 10 302 deliveries were registered, including 419 cases of PPH. Of the PPH cases, 76 (18.1%) were excluded: 73 files were not found, 2 files were wet and therefore illegible, and 1 file was empty. A total of 343 files from women who had experienced early PPHdefined as PPH occurring within the first 24 hours following deliverywere identified. For every case of PHH, 2 consecutive patients without PPH who delivered after the PPH patient were selected as controls (686 women). Data were collected on sociodemographic characteristics, clinical and obstetric history, management, and maternal outcome in both groups of patients. Epi Info version 3.5.1 (CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA) was used for data analysis. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the effect of potential risk factors on the occurrence of PPH. P b 0.05 was considered statistically significant.