ABSTRACT. We examined the influence of the cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) genes in both donors and recipients on the concentrationdosage ratio (C/D) of tacrolimus in Chinese liver transplant patients. Fifty-one adult liver transplant patients who received tacrolimus were included in this study. The CYP3A5 polymorphism in donors and recipients was determined at the time of transplantation, and tacrolimusbased immunosuppressive therapy was started based on each patient's genetic constitution. The relationship between the C/D of tacrolimus for 3 months after surgery and the CYP3A5 genotype was analyzed. A stepwise regression model was used to analyze the relationship between C/D of tacrolimus and genotype, time course, age, and liver weight in liver transplant patients. Three months after liver transplantation, C/D was both affected by the CYP3A5 genotype of both the donors and (2015) the recipients. The C/D of tacrolimus in patients with the CYP3A5*1 allele or carrying CYP3A5*1 allele in the liver was lower than that in CYP3A5*3/*3 patients with the CYP3A5*3/*3 genotype in the liver (P < 0.01). The CYP3A5*1 genotype in donors as well as in patients both contributes to interindividual variation in the C/D of tacrolimus in adult liver transplantation.

Spermatogenesis is a complex biological process that requires precise regulation of gene expression in the germ cells and their surrounding somatic cells. Some testis-specific genes are involved in different stages of spermatogenesis; however, the precise mechanisms of stage-specific spermatogenesis are still not elucidated. In this study, we first examined the expression patterns of SYCP3, Tnp2, CDH1, glial cell-line-derived neurotropic factor (GDNF) and GFRA1 mRNAs on post-natal days (PNDs) 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 25 and 30 in rat testis. SYCP3 mRNA was firstly detected from PND 15, while Tnp2 transcript was only found on PND 30. CDH1 mRNA was highly expressed before PND 6, but decreased dramatically on PND 8, then gradually increased until it started to decrease after 12 dpp. Low GDNF and GFRA1 mRNAs were found before PND 6, but gradually increased to the peak on PND 12, then gradually decreased to low level. According to the expression patterns of CDH1, GDNF and GFRA1, we hypothesized that PNDs 6-10 are critical period in the early spermatogenesis. We, therefore, explored gene expression pattern on PNDs 6, 8 and 10 using cDNA microarray. 700 (PND 8 vs PND 6), 4519 (PND 10 vs PND 8), and 4298 (PND 10 vs PND 6) differentially expressed genes (≥ 2-fold) were identified from the comparisons, which cover thousands of gene ontology categories (GO terms) and hundreds of signalling pathways. High consistency between microarray data and quantative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was verified from five genes (LOC686076, Trib3, Cxcl6, LOC682508 and C2cd4d). These data provide more information to understand the precisely regulatory mechanism at the early stage of spermatogenesis.