In the XXI century humanity is facing increasingly frequent consequences of irrational use of nature, distorted social and cultural values, trying to find a new "matrix" of their further progression. Such searches began in the twentieth century, beginning with the reports of the Club of Rome and the Agenda for the 21st century. In 2015, 17 Sustainable Development Goals, and related objectives to achieve each of them, became the new framework of the global level. Considering national priorities, these Goals have subsequently had been adapted around the world, with the prospect of end-to-end implementation in governance practice at all levels. In Ukraine, the adapted Goals were approved by Presidential Decree in 2019 and should be reflected in the strategies and plans developed for the new programming period. The article presents an analysis of the success of this process concerning socio-economic development strategies at the regional and local levels. Some gaps have been identified, primarily in ensuring the environmental component of sustainable development, as well as representation of the 2030 Goals as a whole. Overcoming them should be supported by research and development structures and with an emphasis on education and training in the field of sustainable development.