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The development of heavy oil fields has been actively on the agenda. The problem arises due to the depletion of deposits with easily recoverable reserves, as well as due to the large reserves of shale oil and gas. Modern technology is gradually reaching an acceptable level of profitability. Many tasks remain to reduce environmental pressure on the environment. An important step in this direction was made with the introduction of electric fracturing technology. Technologies for isolating the mining zone are being developed. A variety of approaches are used to recover heavy oil. Use formation heating in various ways. Separate formation fluids into fractions in order to diversify recovery methods. Great prospects are opened using combined methods of exposure to kerogen. At the same time, many questions remain on methods for the further development of shale hydrocarbons. This is the development of norms and rules for the development of heavy oil. Coordination of actions of law-enforcement bodies and activity of technology developers is required. It is necessary to develop technological approaches that have shown their environmental effectiveness.