Based on the available achievements in the field of methodology, natural sciences and research in the field of environmental management, a method is proposed for constructing an applied model for the development of saline lands as "activity-natural objects" of the «Soils", including cognitive activities, transforming activities, transformations natural materials and materials formed as a result of anthropogenic activities, within the framework of which an applied model of methods for the reclamation of saline lands has been developed. On the basis of an applied model transforming the activity of saline lands, a method for developing saline lands has been developed, including the preparation of temporary irrigation and drainage networks and checks, deep ameliorative loosening of the soil across the drains with alternating loosened strips with the same width with the subsequent supply of flushing water to the checks. The method differs in that the development of saline lands is carried out in two symmetrical and parallel-sequential actions in time in annual intervals, with desalinization of saline soils to a certain permissible level with the supply of a leaching rate, taking into account the environmental requirements of environmental management and classification of saline soils and salt tolerance of agricultural crops from very highly saline to highly saline, from highly saline to medium saline, from medium saline to slightly saline and from slightly saline to non-saline, with subsequent cultivation of the corresponding salt tolerant crops: very resistant – resistant – medium resistant – medium sensitive – sensitive.

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The article submitted for publication contains an analysis of the power-management system of Central Asian nomads. The focus of such tasks as: – Analysis of military power, the cult of a warrior in the history of the evolution of the tribal power of the leader in ancient and medieval Central Asia in the context of the theory of chiefdom, neoevolutionism, aggressive and commercial theories of political genesis, evolutionary theories of the matrilinear and patrilineal development of the society; – Study and analysis of the power authority of the tribal power through the system of titles and ranks in the Hunnu, Turkic, Oghuz, Karakhanid, Khitan, Seljuqid states, description and study of the terminology of Chinese texts on ranks and ranks, functions of officials and tribal chiefs, the role of a titled aristocracy in the management system nomadic polities.