Results: Difference of incidence rates between the pre-war (1995)(1996)(1997)(1998) and the first post-war period (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003) for the entire territory of Kosovo shows that leukemia increased by 12.63% whereas between prewar and last post war period by 68.95% (Table 1). Region of Gjakova and Peja, the first and third most exposed regions to DU ordnance (7.73 rounds/km 2 and 4.78 rounds/km 2 respectively) ranked first and second in difference in leukemia incidence whereas Prishtina, Gjilan and Ferizaj, regions with the least number of rounds/km2, were characterized by declining in incidence rates of leukemia. After 15 years, still the difference in leukemia between pre-war period and the last post-war period remains larger in Gjakova and Peja. In the first post-war period (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003), significant moderate Spearman correlation was found between the DU rounds/km2 and cases of leukemia (Figure 1). Figure 1. Correlation between rounds/km2 and annual average incidence rates by municipalities for leukemia in the period 2000-2003. Data was analysed using the Spearman correlation test and significance accepted when p < 0.05. Summary/Conclusion:The rise in incidence of leukemia in Kosovo may be partially induced by the use of DU during the war, but further studies are needed to explore this.