It was possible to verify that only the colour parameter b* was influenced by the variation in colouring agent's concentrations in lipstick formulation, leading to the production of the colour ranging between violet and light red. Such results are useful for developing new lipstick formulations to obtain the desired colour in the final product.
The propagation of the palm Syagrus romanzoffiano is done sexually with seeds, making the process of obtaining new plants slow and difficult, especially on large scales. In addition, seed germination is slow, uneven and susceptible to degradation and loss of vigor because of embryo deterioration, even under laboratory conditions. As a result of the lack of information on efficient depulping methods for queen palm fruits, the present study aimed to establish a depulping methodology that is less aggressive to embryos, maintaining emergence quality. This experiment was carried out in Goiânia, Brazil, using fruits from eight stock plants submitted to three pre-depulping treatments (control, fermentation and drying) and two depulping methods (industrial depulping and concrete-mixer with the addition of gravel). After the different pre-sowing processes, the fresh and dry pyrenes mass, remaining fibers adhered to the pyrene and seedling emergence were evaluated. The pulper removed an average of 45% more pyrene pulp than the concrete mixer. However, these methodologies did not result in differences in the emergence of plants, which was affected only by the pre-depulping treatment, with superiority in the use of fresh fruits. Thus, the pulper was more efficient for the removal of pulp and pulp fibers than the concrete mixer. The depulping method did not significantly affect the pyrenes mass. Higher seedlings emergence values were observed for the fresh fruits that were pulped and sown immediately. Fermentation and partial pulp dehydration exert a negative influence on seedling emergence.
Therefore, the aim of this literature review is to present the aspects related to the growth and development of muscle tissue and the animal as a whole, as well as to discuss the possible technical manipulations employed to improve the quantity and quality of meat produced. In recent years the pig industry has been focusing on the selection of high productivity sows, aiming at increasing the number of weaned pigs / sow / year. However, the emphasis on sow prolificity has resulted in a substantial increase in the number of piglets born / calving, having a direct effect on piglet quality, with reduced birth weight and unevenness of piglets. In addition to the quantitative aspects related to animal performance, it should be considered that the quality of the final product is also of extreme importance, being its main objective meat production, the factors that interfere in this process also deserve special attention. Small piglets reach slaughter weights lower than the heaviest ones and / or take longer days to reach their sales weight, which consequently costs the production cost.
Mimosa setosissima is a tree species, considered rare once its occurrence is restricted to the Cerrado biome. Studies on this species may contribute to its conservation. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the fruits (physically) and seeds (physiologically) of M. setosissima to provide supporting information for the commercial and conservational propagation of the species. The pods (n=200 fruits) of M. setosissima were collected from plants present in the Cerrado Rupestre of the Serra dos Pirineus State Park, Goiás, Brazil. The fruit were separated into two maturation classes regarding to the color and texture of the pods (brown and green). The pods of each maturity stage were characterized by the following attributes: fresh weight, length, width, thickness, number of seeds, number of normal and abnormal seeds (dead/rotten/damaged/broken). A germination test was used to evaluate the physiological potential of seeds. The germination test applied in a factorial (2 × 2) randomized design, with two fruit ripening stages (brown and green) and two substrates (between paper and paper roll and on paper in a gerbox) (temperature 25ºC; 12-hour photoperiod; humidity 75%). The morphobiometrics of M. setosissima fruit depends on the maturity stage, where an increased growth was observed in brown fruits. The substrate "between paper and paper roll" is more appropriate to conduct the germination test of seeds M. setosissima. Seeds coming from green pods have a physiological performance higher than that of brown seed pods.
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