O presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar os parâmetros reológicos para as polpas integral e centrifugada (nas fases 1 e 2) de umbu nas temperaturas de 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 e 80 ºC e para as geléias de umbu, a 20 ºC, produzidas pela COOPERCUC-Cooperativa Agropecuária Familiar de Canudos, Uauá e Curaçá, na Bahia e pela ACOPRI-Associação Comunitária dos Produtores Rurais do Icozeiro, Projeto Pontal em Petrolina-PE. As análises reológicas foram determinadas por um reômetro ou viscosímetro rotacional de cilindros concêntricos Thermo Haake DC 10, (modelo VT 550). Os modelos reológicos de Ostwald-de Waele, Herschel-Bulkley, Casson e Binghan foram ajustados aos reogramas construídos a partir dos dados experimentais obtidos. Utilizou-se polpa de umbu integral e centrifugada, separada em duas fases: líquida e purê, as quais apresentaram comportamento não-newtoniano. As geléias estudadas também apresentaram caráter não-newtoniano. O modelo mais adequado para descrever o comportamento reológico dos produtos estudados foi o de Herschel-Bulkley, que apresentou coeficientes de determinação (R 2) superiores a 0,92 e desvios percentuais médios inferiores a 3%.
Objective: The aim of the present literature review was to compile data on the frequency of morphological and attachment types of the upper and lower labial frenum in different populations and investigate the association between the attachment level of the upper labial frenum and the occurrence of diastemas. Methods: Searches were conducted between May and June 2021 in the Medline (via Ovid), Google Scholar and CAPES databases. Thirty-eight studies that evaluated frenum morphology, frenum morphology and attachment or frenum morphology, attachment and the occurrence of diastemas were selected for the extraction of data. Results: Based on the data compiled in this review, the most common morphological and attachment types were labial frenum normale and mucosal attachment. The papillary and papilla penetrating types of attachment were more associated with the occurrence of diastemas. Conclusion: Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate this correlation in children and adults.
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