The paper covers the study of direct impact and after-effect of 40 t/ha of cattle manure on theorientation of nitrogen fixation and biological denitrification processes in the root zone of potatoes,spring barley, pea, and winter wheat plants in rotation in a stationary field experiments on leachedblack soil. Application of manure had significantly increased the nitrogen fixation activity, whilepromoting a high level of N2O emission. The use of microbial preparations for pre-seeding bacterization of seeds optimizes the course of biological nitrogen transformation process — through theenhancement of nitrogen fixation activity and reduction of gaseous nitrogen losses (with the exception of Biogran use on potatoes in the year of manure application). Introduction with manure of alarge number of microorganisms to the soil offsets the positive effect of biopreparations use. Yieldrecords and estimation of grain output per hectare within the crop rotation cycle indicates the practicability of combined application of manure and microbial preparations (excluding the year of direct effect of organic fertilizer) in organic agriculture.

Aim. To study the features of phosphorus nutrition of winter wheat under the infl uence of different doses of mineral fertilizers and microbial preparation Polimiksobakteryn. Methods. The phosphatase activity in rhizo- sphere soil of winter wheat was determined photocolorimetrically by the method of Geller and Ginsburg, the phosphorus content in plants – as described by Denizhe in the modifi cation of Bouvatier. Results. The phos- phatase activity in the rhizosphere soil of winter wheat plants increases due to the application of a microbial preparation and mineral fertilizers in low doses. This increases both the absorption of phosphorus by plants and their yield. Conclusions. Growing winter wheat on the leached black soil with dose-relevant introduction of mineral fertilizers in doses, not exceeding N[60] P[60] K[60] , and the use of Polimiksobakteryn improve phosphorus nutrition of wheat plants and promote the increase in the yield of crops.

Currently, the introduction of new techniques for corn growing technology, which involves the use of microbial drugs – growth stimulators and the study of their effects on the process of photosynthesis is relevant. In the conditions of field experiment on black soil, the effect of microbial preparation Polimiksobakteryn – a growth stimulator of plants on various methods of its application on the formation and productivity of the photosynthetic apparatus of maize plants of hybrid Dniprovsky 181 SV was studied. It was determined that the bacterialisation of seeds with subsequent surface treatment of vegetable corn plants with Polymiksobacteryn in the phase of 3–5 or 7–9 leaves – agroprimus, which provides activation of the process of photosynthesis. In particular, for the combination of bacteritisation and surface treatment of vegetative plants, the area of the leaf surface increases to 5315 cm2/plant in the flowering phase, which is 40.0% more relative to the control variant, this indicates an improvement in the conditions of growth and development of maize due to the growth-stimulating properties of the microbial preparation. The index of chlorophyll content (a + b) increases, and among all the experimental variants, the highest value of 146.7 mg/100 g of leaves installed with the combined use of Polimyksobacteryn – the bacteritisation of seeds and surface treatment by vegetation, which is 36.2% higher than the benchmark 107.7 mg/100 g of leaves. The increase in area of the leaf surface was accompanied by raising in the net photosynthesis efficiency of 6.34 g/m2 per day in the control version to 10.39 g/m2 per day (or 63.8%) as a result of bacteritisation and surface treatment of corn vegetable plants, indicating about formation of the optimum structure and productivity of the paper machine. It should be noted that according to the data, the method of using microbial preparation, which included seeding bacteria and superficial treatment of vegetative plants, better than taking bacteria or seed treatment separately. Therefore, in the cultivation of maize, the use of the microbial preparation Polymiksobacteryn, the growth stimulator of plants, by bacterialization of seeds in combination with surface treatment of plants in vegetation, increases the quantitative and improves qualitative parameters of photosynthetic activity of plants, which is essentially of practical importance for increasing the productivity of this culture.

The purpose. To study features of growth of micro organisms in rhizosphere soil of plants of hulless oats and productivity of the crop under action of fertilizers and microbial specimen. Methods. Field researches, conventional microbiological, gas-and-chromatographic determination of potential activity of nitrogen fixation and potential emission of N20. Results. After-effect of muck and green fertilizers, as well as doses of mineral fertilizers, which did not exceed N 80 P:tOK 45 , promoted growth of agronomically valuable microorganisms at cultivation of hulless oats on sod-podzolic soil and formation of productivity of the crop. Application of microbial specimen Microhumin was effective. Its influence on productivity of oats in experiment was equivalent to action of mineral fertilizers in dose of N3 0P15K20. Conclusions. Features of formation of communities of microorganisms in rhizosphere soil of plants and manifestation of their functional activity was the reliable indicator of ecological state of soils of agrocnosises.

The paper covers the results of the orientation of different biological processes (nitrogen fixation, N2O and CO2 emissions) in the root zone of potato plants under the different fertilization systems in a field experiment in stationary experiment on leached black soils. The application of 40 t/ha of cattle manure was shown to be more environmentally beneficial (although with some caution, due to the high level of N2O emissions). The N40P40K40 dose of fertilizers was shown to be optimal, while the balance between environmental requirements and crop productivity shows the practicability of application of N80P80K80. High doses of fertilizers (N120P120K120) and organic mineral fertilization (40 t/ha manure + N80P80K80) had resulted in high levels of N2O and CO2 emissions and reduced nitrogen fixation activity. Application of biological preparation Biogran was shown to be efficient in the potato growing technology due to its proved ability to optimize the ecological condition of soils in agrocoenoses, increase productivity and improve the quality of potatoes.