Successful interspecific hybridization was carried out between the wild perennial diploid species Helianthus pumilus Nutt., accession GT-M-172, and cultivated H.annuus L. The cross compatibility between H.pumilus and H.annuus was much higher when the wild species was used as the male in the crosses. Insemination (seed set) was very low in both directions. In order to prove the presence of considerable variability in the early F 1 generation, some statistical methods were used for evaluation of morphological traits such as plant height, head diameter, number of disk flowers and insemination. Heterosis was detected for plant height. Cases of partial to complete dominance of the cultivated parent prevailed. A high level of segregation was observed in the F 2 generation, therefore, traits depression and transgression were evaluated for plant height, head diameter, number of florets and seed set. A triple phenotypic correlation appeared between three characters in sunflower and one of them was confirmed on genetic level as well. Resistance to Plasmopara helianthi, Orobanche cumana and Phomopsis helianthi was discovered in different progenies of the interspecific hybrids of H.pumilus.

From the standpoint of enterprises, searching for the minimum-risk methods and ways of organizing settlements in foreign trade is always a topical problem. The research study identifies the problems of trade finance in the Russian Federation (RF) after the sanctions have been imposed. The key features of trade finance management are formulated. The influence of economic sanctions on trade financing mechanisms is analyzed. Some mechanisms are considered for using a documentary letter of credit, one of the most popular trade financial instruments in international settlements today. Measures for eliminating the factors restraining the growing use of trade finance instruments and the possibility of their implementation under the conditions of current economic sanctions are grounded. System analysis methods and techniques, analogy methods, expert assessments and projection methods are used as part of this research study.

Edible coatings are usually used to reduce the drip loss and to inhibit the oxidative processes of muscle foods and when combined with antioxidants to extend their shelf life. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of the incorporation of dry distilled rose (Rosa damascene Mill.) petals extract (DDRPE) into an edible alginate coating on the freshness of paddlefish (Polyodon spathula). Eight fish samples stored 7 days at 0 - 4°C were tested: C - without coating, 1 - with alginate coating; 2 - with alginate coating incorporated by 2% DDRPE solution; 2 - with alginate coating incorporated by 4% DDRPE solution; 3 - with alginate coating incorporated by 2% L-ascorbic acid solution; 5 - surface treated with 2% DDRPE solution; 6 – surface treated with 4% DDRPE solution and 7 – surface treated with 2% L-ascorbic acid solution. Control sample C was analyzed on the first and seventh day of storage and there were determined the changes in pH, acid value, peroxide value, TBARS, color characteristics and microbial changes of the fish. It was found that using alginate coating with a 2% DDRPE solution preserved the freshness of the paddlefish for up to 7 days at 0 - 4°C.

The spatio-temporal distributions of decapod crustaceans caught by trawlers over the 200 m at 87 hauls on the bathyal ground in the gulf of Antalya (eastern Mediterranean) were investigated. Samples were collected during the monthly surveys from July 2010 to June 2011, and sampling area was divided in eight bathymetric strata (200-900 m: 100 m interval). Hypotheses about relationships of assemblages to depth stratum and consecutive four seasons were tested. Univariate (one-and two-way ANOVA) and multivariate analysis (BrayCurtis, nMDS, PERMANOVA and PERMIDS tests) showed differences in crustacean assemblages (abundance, biomass and species richness) according to depth stratum. No significant differences related to the consecutive seasons were detected. Analysis of the trawl catches shows two decapod assemblages: one on the upper slope (shallower than 500 m) characterized by Parapenaeus longirostris and Plesionika heterocarpus and another on the middle slope (500-900 m) with Aristaeomorpha foliacea, Aristeus antennatus and Plesionika martia.

Abstract:An experiment on slaughter characteristics of bighead carp (Hypophthalmichtys nobilis Rich.) reared in polyculture of the same age, based on natural feeding in the ponds, was carried out at the Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture -Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Some of the ponds (First Group) were not fertilized and others (Second Group) were supplemented with manure at the rates corresponding to the standards of organic production. The structure of polyculture was one and the same in all the ponds: K 1 -one-year old common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) -500 pcs.ha -1 (half being scale carp and the other half -mirror carp); Tp 1 -oneyear old bighead carp (Hypophthalmichtys nobilis Rich.) -300 pcs.ha -1 ; А 1 -one-year old grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.) -100 pcs.ha -1 . The bighead carp reached a live weight of 0.766 kg under the experimental conditions, the fishes in the ponds fertilized with manure being about 13.6% heavier compared to fishes in the ponds of the other group. It was established that the slaughter yield and the relative share of the fillet in bighead carp were in average 54.3% and 35.4%, respectively, and, pond fertilization and the amount of phytoplankton did not have a statistically significant effect on fish development. The pond had a significant effect exerted through its area and by overgrowing with macrophytes. Infestation increase by up to 30% had a positive effect on the weight of the cleaned carcass, the fillet and the slaughter output.