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In search of bIopestIcIdes: the effect of caraway Carum Carvi essentIal oIl and Its major constItuents on peach potato aphId myzus persiCae probIng behavIor abstract The application of caraway essential oil and its main components, carvone and limonene, to plant surface caused significant changes in aphid probing at the level of non-vascular tissues as well as sieve elements. On treated plants, probes were short and non-probing intervals were long, phloem phase was short and sustained sap ingestion periods occurred sporadically. The deterrent activity of caraway oil is determined mainly by the content of carvone that has the most significant impact on aphid probing behavior. The impediment of aphid probing at the pre-ingestive (pre-phloem) and/or ingestive (phloem) phases revealed the

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This article presents the research on new design of a vacuum breaker type DCU-800M mounted on the roof of Electric Traction Units. The impact of one circuit breaker on another one was examined in detail when connecting them in parallel to the catenary. Streszczenie. W artykule przedstawiono badania nowej konstrukcji wyłącznika próżniowego typu DCU-800M w wykonaniu dachowym. Szczegółowo sprawdzono wpływ jednego wyłącznika na drugi podczas podłączenia ich równolegle względem sieci trakcyjnej. (Nowa konstrukcja wyłącznika próżniowego montowanego na dachu Elektrycznych Zespołów Trakcyjnych).