To study the effect of soil cultivation and fertilizer systems on controlling weed abundance in short crop rotation. Methods. Field, laboratory. Results. The experiment was carried out in a long-term stationary experiment on slightly saline chernozem under the system of long-term short rotations in the zone of insufficient soil moisture of the LeftBank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The results of studies on the effect of soil cultivation and fertilization on the abundance of weeds in winter wheat crops in corn chain of short crop rotation are presented. It was determined that the monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds prevailed at period of plants outcome in tube. The application of mineral fertilizers under winter wheat against the fond of the organic fertilizer system aftereffect (manure and post-harvest residues) significantly reduced weediness. A significant difference was observed when used combined tillage compared to plowing. Among the weed species, dicotyledonous prevailed. Conclusions. The use of combined tillage for winter wheat reduces the crops weediness on unfertilized fond in 3.3 times, on fertilizers fondin 1.9 times. As a result of fertilizers application to winter wheat, the abundance of weeds on the fond of 6.25 t/ha of manure + N45P45K45 and plowing decreased by 11.0 pc/m 2 , and forcombined tillageby 10.7 pc./m 2 compared to unfertilized background. Whereas against the fond of manure and postharvest residues weedinessof crops grown. The use of plowing for winter wheat in crop rotation increases the species composition of the weeds. Among the weed species, the most widespread are weevils (Polygonum convolvulus L.), middle-aged sprout (Stellaria media L.), field axes (Delphinium consolida). The use of plowing increased the abundance of cereals on unfertilized fond to 34.3 pc/m 2 represented by mouse gray (Setaria glauca L.), on the fond of the manure and postharvest residues aftereffectto 88.5 pc/m 2 . When plowing, the abundance of beardless beetle (Polygonum convolvulus L.) on the fond of manure application at dose 6.25 t/ha and directly under winter wheat N45P45K45, as well as for the application of 6.25 t/ha of manure + post-harvest residues + N45P45K45 was 5.7 and 2.0 pc/m 2 , reciprocally.