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Over the years of the Soviet regime, hydropower has grown from the stage of the firstlings of hydropower construction, such as the V. I. Lenin-Volkhov, Boz-Sui, and Zemo-Avchalsk plants, to the unique hydraulic developments of the present time, which have the world's highest dams: the embankment dam of the Nurek plant, and the concrete arch dam of the Inguri plant. This became possible thanks to the development of new methods of structural analysis using electronic computers, introduction of modern, highly efficient methods of construction, and extensive experience acquired during construction of large Soviet hydraulic developments, both on plains rivers with soft foundations and on mountain rivers.It is especially important to point out the advanced experience acquired from year-round construction in the Far North and permafrost regions.At the present time, concrete is being placed over a wide front at the startup construction projects of the Tenth Five-Year Plan --the Sayano-Shushenskoe and Inguri hydroelectric plants. Also, construction is being started on the Kolyma, Kurpsa, Rogun, Bureya, and Boguchany hydroelectric plants, most of which are of the multipurpose type, as well as on the Zagorsk and Kaishyadoris pumped-storage plants. Along with improvement of the constructional solutions for the main structures, in the near future the basic trend in the improvement of hydrop0wer construction will continue to lie in the introduction of better methods of building them.A significant share in the improvement of the effectiveness of construction work lies in the reduction of labor costs. Thanks to the use of integrated mechanization, a high labor productivity has been achieved at several construction projects.At the massive Toktogul dam a method was worked out and introduced for layer-by-layer placement of concrete in large blocks by applying a special, fully mechanized technique which makes it possible to increase the concreting labor productivity to 11-13 mS/man-day as against the previously achieved figure of 4-5 mS/man-day.At the Chirkey arch dam, through delivery of the concrete by 25-ton cableways and use of integrated mechanization the labor productivity was brought up to 10-11 mS/man-day.The use of heated forms, tents, and various other measures made it possible to place concrete during an entire cold winter in the Ust-llim and Zeya dams. The successful construction of hydraulic developments in the Far North regions has been considerably aided by the new methods of year-round construction of embankment dams, developed by the Gidroproekt Institute jointly with the constructors, which have made it possible to successfully build the impervious elements of the Vilyui, Ust-Khantaika, and Serebryansk dams during the winter. Still wider possibilities for construction of hydraulic developments on large rivers have been offered by the passing of flows during construction over the uncompleted rock--earth Ust-Khantaika dam. A new improved technology made it possible to achieve great successes in the construction of th...

The Sayano-Shushenskoe hydroelectric station is a unique, in size and complexity of construction, hydropower structure on the Enisei River and is part of the Sayan hydropower complex, which also includes the counter-regulatlng Maine hydropower development. The hydrostation will become the power base of the developing Sayan territorial industrial complex.Construction of the Sayano-Shushenskoe hydrostation required the large-scale organization of research and development 4nsuring the creation of reliable, economical, and operationally convenient structures and equipment. The complexity of the problem necessitated a broad approach to the solution of scientific--technical problems arising during design and construction of the hydrostation and manufacturing its equipment. An important place in the organizational and technical solution of this problem is being played by a new mass form of socialist competition--an agreement on creative scientific--technical collaboration among Leningrad organizations participating in the creation of the Sayano-Shushenskoe hydrostation, which is aimed at the most rapid solution of scientific--technical problema and their introduction into production. The main purpose of the agreement is to shorten the construction time of the station with a high quality of work by accelerating the start-up of its units, reducing the consumption of materials and cost of construction, creating the latest equipment, and improving construction technology.This initiative of the Leningraders, supported by the station's builders, was approved and recommended for wide introduction by the Central Committee of the CPSU and highly praised by its General Secretary, Comrade L. I. Brezhnev. "The Agreement of the 28" became the progenitor of a new form of interbranch organization of the combined development and creation of large national-economic installations.The Sayano-Shushenskoe project includes a gravity-arch dam more than 240 m high with a crest length of 1066 m, containing about 8.5 million m s of concrete; flood works intended for a discharge of 13,500 m3/sec; hydroelectric station with a total installed capacity of 6400 MW with i0 units capable of developing up to 720 MW each at heads greater than the designed; 500-kW outdoor electrical equipment.The Sayan reservoir, with a volume of 31 billion m s, will extend 300 km upstream and will cover a series of rapids in the river. The vast power potentialities of the Sayano-Shushenskoe hydrostation due to the 15 billion-m s drawdowuprism predetermines its leading role in the integrated power system of Siberia as a daily and annual regulator of power withan ample reserve. Creation of the Sayan reservoir will make possible water transport of freight and passengers in the Tuva ASSK. In the future, after constructing a ship lift, through navigation on the upper Enisei from Krasnoyarsk to Kyzyl will be possible.The station, regulating flood discharges, will greatly reduce flood damages. In order to ensure operation of the Sayano-Shushenskoe hydrostation to cover the wint...

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