O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o potencial de extratos oriundos de plantas medicinais (Rosmarinus officinalis L., Equisetum arvense L. e Moringa oleifera Lam.) e produtos comerciais (a base de extratos vegetais, óleos vegetais e fosfito de potássio) no controle in vitro de Diplocarpon rosae. Avaliou-se o efeito dos tratamentos sobre o fitopatógeno pelo índice de velocidade de crescimento micelial, inibição do crescimento micelial, inibição da esporulação, índice de esporulação, síntese de proteínas, a atividade específica de peroxidase e catalase no micélio do fitopatógeno, utilizando extrato bruto aquoso (EBA) de folhas de R. officinalis (1%); EBA de caules de E. arvense (1%); EBA de sementes de M. oleifera (1%); produto comercial a base de extratos vegetais fermentados (0,01%); produto comercial a base de fosfito de potássio (0,01%); produto comercial a base de óleos vegetais (0,01%); produto a base de massa cítrica (0,01%); fungicida a Simon; J.M.; Schwan-Estrada, K.R.F.; Jardinetti, V.A.; Oliva, L.S.C.; Silva, J.B.; Scarabeli, I.G.R. Atividade fungitóxica de extratos vegetais e produtos comerciais contra Diplocarpon rosae. Summa Phytopathologica, v.42, n.4, p.351-356, 2016. Palavras ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to verify the potential of extracts derived from medicinal plants (Rosmarinus officinalis L., Equisetum arvense L. and Moringa oleifera Lam.) and commercial products (based on plant extracts, plant oil and potassium phosphite) on the in vitro control of Diplocarpon rosae. The effect of treatments on the phytopathogen was evaluated according to the mycelial growth speed rate, mycelial growth inhibition, sporulation inhibition, sporulation rate, protein synthesis, and peroxidase and catalase specific activity on the mycelium of the phytopathogen, using aqueous crude extract (ACE) of R. officinalis leaves (1%); ACE of E. arvense stems (1%); ACE of M. oleifera seeds (1%); commercial product based on fermented plant extracts (0.01%); commercial product based on potassium phosphite (0.01%); commercial product based on plant oil (0.01%); product based on citrus mass (0.01%); fungicide based on Simon; J.M.; Schwan-Estrada, K.R.F.; Jardinetti, V.A.; Oliva, L.S.C.; Silva, J.B.; Scarabeli, I.G.R. Fungitoxic activity of plant extracts and commercial products against Diplocarpon rosae. Summa Phytopathologica, v.42, n.4, p.351-356, 2016. thiophanate methyl (0.007%); and adjuvant (0.0025%) in PDA and PD media. Results showed a higher reduction in the growth of D. rosae in the presence of commercial product based on plant oils. The ACE of E. arvense and the commercial product based on fermented plant extracts exhibited anti-sporulant effect. Treatments with ACE of R. officinalis, ACE of E. arvense, ACE of M. oleifera, commercial product based on plant oil and product based on citrus mass increased protein synthesis in D. rosae mycelium. There was increased specific activity of the enzymes peroxidase and catalase in the mycelium in the presence of ACE of R. officinalis and commercial product based on...

ABSTRACT:The physiological quality of seeds is important to obtain high crop yields. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical and physiological quality of 16 upright growth habit lineages and 15 prostrate growth habit lineages of cowpea seeds produced in Roraima state, Brazil. Two trials were assessed: the first with 16 lineages and the second with 15 lineages. The study was carried out in a completely randomized experimental design with four replicates. After field operations of harvesting and threshing, seeds were assessed for mass of one thousand seeds and water content. The physiological quality of seeds was assessed with respect to germination rate, first germination count, electrical conductivity, plantlet emergence and plantlet emergence velocity in sand substrate. The results obtained showed that the seed breeding lines presented low water contents. MNCO2-682F-2-6 upright habit lineage showed better germination rate and vigor, while MNCO2-684F-5-6 lineage presented lower percentage of germination and emergence in sand substrate. MNCO1-649F-1-3 prostrate habit lineage showed lower performance. Ten of the upright habit lineages and none of the prostrate habit lineages studied presented seeds with germination rates higher than 80%.