Anacardium occidentale (cashew) is a tropical tree species that occurs mainly in northeastern Brazil. The species has great socioeconomic importance for rural populations. We investigated the genetic diversity of a natural cashew population in a rural area of Floriano, State of Piauí, Brazil. We quantitatively evaluated 12 natural variables related to the inflorescence, the cashew nut (fruit), and the peduncle (pseudofruit) in 35 trees (numbered sequentially G1-35). The characteristics of the peduncle (pseudofruit) appeared as the variables that most contributed to genetic divergence, while characteristics related to the inflorescence contributed less to the morphological differentiation. Multivariate statistics, employing principal component analysis evidenced that the first three principal components explained 81.72% of the total variance. Cashews G-3 ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 18 (3): gmr18348 L.A. Carneiro et al. 2 and G-8 were identified as the most divergent, with G-3 demonstrating the greatest peduncle lengths and weights.
RESUMO: Apesar da elevada eficiência produtiva atual na agricultura, observa-se diversos impactos ambientais e sociais. Por este motivo, nos últimos tempos, tem se dado enfoque aos benefícios ecológicos provenientes do cultivo de produtos orgânicos. A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar comparativamente dois sistemas irrigados de produção orgânica e convencional. Neste sentido foi avaliada a atividade biológica do solo através dos seguintes parâmetros: carbono orgânico, carbono da biomassa microbiana, quociente microbiano, respiração basal e quociente metabólico. Os resultados das variáveis ambientais demonstram que a unidade de produção com cultivo orgânico apresenta maior sustentabilidade ambiental, uma vez que o solo encontra-se em condições físicas e químicas mais satisfatórias para o desenvolvimento dos microrganismos.PALAVRA CHAVE: Irrigação, agricultura familiar, indicadores ambientais. ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY OF IRRIGATED CROPPING SYSTEMS ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL OF FAMILAR BASEABSTRACT: Despite the high current production efficiency in agriculture, it is observed many environmental and social impacts. For this reason, in recent times, it has given focus to the ecological benefits from cultivation of organic products. The research aimed to analyze comparatively two irrigated systems of organic and conventional production. In this sense was evaluated soil biological activity using the following parameters: organic carbon, microbial 2006). Possui um sistema de produção baseado na forma convencional, predominando a monocultura e atualmente possui 4,5 ha em produção com apenas quatro tipos de cultivos.As amostras de solo foram coletadas na camada superficial (0 -0,10m) em setembro de 2014. As amostras foram peneiradas em campo com peneira de malha de 0,002 m e em seguida colocadas em sacos plásticos identificados e acondicionados em caixas térmicas contendo gelo na base, para fins de condução ao
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