The article deals with the peculiarities of the formation of cognitive universal learning actions in younger schoolchildren. The article describes four types of universal educational actions of primary school children: personal, regulatory, cognitive, communicative, which are an integral system in which the manifestation and development of each individual type of educational action is determined by its relationship with other types and the general logic of age-related development. Detailed characteristics of each of the cognitive universal educational activities of primary school children defined by the standard and the approximate program of primary general education will allow the primary school teacher to more consciously.