Gluten, protein and amino acid composition play an important role in grain quality assessment. Areas of interest of our research include essential amino acids, which are not synthesized in the human body. It is a commonly known fact that large doses of mineral fertilizers increase grain crops’ yield and quality. However, fertilization leads to undesirable effects—in particular, environmental pollution. This creates a need to replace mineral fertilizers, at least partially, with alternative methods. One such method is the use of microbial preparations in modern technologies for growing cereals. This research, therefore, aimed to study the effect of presowing seed inoculation with a microbial preparation (based on phosphate-mobilizing bacterium Lelliottia nimipressuralis CCM* 32-3) on T. aestivum grain quality, namely the content of gluten, protein and amino acids. The analysis of three-year field experiments showed that the highest values were obtained when using the microbial preparation against the background of mineral fertilizers at the rate of P30. Presowing seed inoculation contributed to a significant increase in grain productivity (by 31.5% compared to control). The content of protein and gluten in the grain also increased up to 12.5 % and 28.0%, while in the control, these figures were 10.8% and 21.2%, respectively. Moreover, the total content of amino acids in wheat grain in the variant inoculation + fertilizers (P30) was the highest compared to those without inoculation. The following excess was noted: by 52% compared to control (without fertilizers); and by 29%, 17% and 10% in variants with mineral fertilizers at the rate of P30, P60, and P90, respectively. The obtained research results indicate that the combined application of mineral fertilizer Ammophos (at the rate of P30) and microbial preparation based on the phosphate-mobilizing bacterium L. nimipressuralis CCM 32-3 for presowing seed inoculation is an effective technique that improves the yield and quality indicators of winter wheat grain under the conditions of southern regions with insufficient moisture supply.

Associative microorganisms live in the zone of direct influence of plants namely in the soil, which is in close contact with the roots. They form complex communities on the roots of plants in terms of taxonomic composition and structural and functional o8rganization, which have polyfunctional effect on plants. Rhizosphere biotechnologies with the use of associative bacteria to a specific plant species allow increasing their productivity and quality, which contributes to the stability of agroecosystems. Therefore, the main goal of the current study was to isolate associative to Triticum aestivum L. bacteria from the southern chernozem (Haplic Chernozems), which was sampled in the steppe zone of the Crimea. The methodical approach was used to select associative microorganisms for a specific plant species. The number of microorganisms of the main ecological-trophic groups for three varieties T. aestivum were determined. The maximum number of rhizosphere microorganisms was identified for the Ermak variety, as well as the number of morphotypes isolated from the apical part of the root. As a result of the research, six strains of associative bacteria were obtained. They increased the seed quality of the studied varieties by 5% and the biomass of the seedlings by 80%. Identification by the 16S rRNA gene showed their belonging to different bacterial genera. Thus, the quantitative composition of the chernozem southern of the rhizosphere of three varieties of T. aestivum was determined. Five strains of associative bacteria promising for further biotechnology of the agrocenosis rhizosphere were isolated.

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The article is devoted to the issue of expanding the functions of cartographic images for transmitting geospatial information using mobile devices. It discusses the functions of mobile mapping applications. Based on the classification of the main types of perception, a study was conducted on the correlation of user-accepted geospatial information with the means of its transmission. Since modern mobile technologies make it possible to obtain cartographic information with the help of visual, auditory, tactile perception, and also make it possible to sense space, movement and time, the map in combination with these types of perception becomes more intuitive. Actual in the visualization of the cartographic image on the screen of the mobile device is the question of exploring the user interface and displaying the contents of the map at different scale levels. In this regard, the requirements for interfaces are generalized, the principles necessary for the development of the interface of cartographic applications are formulated and presented, based on the condition: “Conditional sign — interface element”. The proposed principles can be divided into three groups: principles that define the general issues of building the interface of mobile cartographic applications, their structure as a whole and user interaction; principles governing the design of the interface of mobile cartographic applications; principles governing the development of mobile cartographic applications, taking into account the features of their use and new technical capabilities. Using the example of level-by-level compilation of elements of navigation charts, a conclusion is drawn on the correspondence between the display of spatial information on a mobile device and the user's perception of reality. Generalized features of cartographic image visualization in mobile devices, such as: intuitive readability, map adaptability, generalization by motion factor, multiscale and multimedia.

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