Creation of productive and plastic varieties of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) resistant to adverse weather factors will improve the efficiency of grain production in conditions of low fertility of sodpodzolic soils in the Leningrad region in Russia. The purpose of the study was to determine the environmental plasticity and adaptation features of the new line of spring barley in comparison with the standards: Suzdalets variety (nutans variety) and Leningradsky variety (pallidum variety). The main abiotic stressors for spring barley plants are increased acidity and low supply with plant nutrients, drought followed with excess moisture at the end of the growing season. Field, laboratory, and statistical methods generally accepted for these studies were used in this work. Using the ecological plasticity index (Isp) and the generative to reproductive organs length ratio ds /dk simplifies the task of evaluating hybrids, lines, and varieties. Genotype-environment interaction is a complex process both in its nature and in intensity. The selection of promising variety samples is aimed at isolating genotypes for which the influence of this interaction is minimal. Of particular importance in the selection of spring barley is the creation of varieties with a genetically determined mechanism of protection against adverse environmental factors.
РефератРассмотрены источники насыщения российского рынка зерном и продуктами его переработки в системе шестиступенчатой классификации: 1) зерно; 2) подгруппы зерновых культур; 3) мука; 4) крупа; 5) хлебобулочные, сухарные, бараночные, макаронные изделия, мучные кулинарные изделия и полуфабрикаты, соевые продукты; 6) последующее деление каждого элемента пятой ступени. Данная классификация предложена в качестве базовой при сегментировании рынка зерномучных товаров. Показаны изменения производства важнейших подгрупп зерномучных товаров за период 2010-2016 гг. и за 9 месяцев 2017 г. Определено, что 70 % общего объема рынка зерномучных товаров в РФ приходится на сельскохозяйственные организации; в структуре объемов производства первое место занимает пшеница (около 60 % всего урожая зерновых). Выявлены тенденции роста рынка риса (в 2016 г. произведено 400 тыс. т). За последние 10 лет экспорт продукции АПК вырос в 3,5 раза и достиг в 2016 г. 17,1 млрд дол. Авторы констатируют, что в России наибольший объем производства муки приходится на Центральный федеральный округ (31,5 % совокупного объема производства). Перечислены основные проблемы рынка зерномучных товаров и показаны пути их решения, а также выявлены перспективные направления развития рынка зерномучных товаров.Николаева М.А., Карташова Л.В. Рынок зерномучных товаров: состояние и перспективы развития // Индустрия питания|Food
The article considers the botanical characteristics of plants of the cruciferous family, the most important representative of which is the Sarepta mustard. Its origin and botanical characteristics are given, its biology and range, economic significance, use in folk medicine, as well as contraindications are considered. Useful and harmful properties of the finished product are described. Identifying features and storage conditions are given, and brief information on the state of the market is provided.
The article discusses the botanical and commodity features of the bird cherry, its biology and range, economic value, use in folk medicine and home cooking, as well as benefits and harms. Identifying features and quality indicators are provided.
The article discusses the botanical and commodity features of the pine nut, its biology and range, economic value, use in folk medicine and home cooking, as well as benefits and harms. Identifying features and quality indicators are provided.
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