The results of studying physicochemical properties of fresh and industrially used materials of active filtering (MAF) used as protective layers of hydrotreatment catalysts are discussed. Data on functional properties of MAF of various types are obtained.

Studies with winter triticale were carried out in 2012-2018 in the experimental fields of the FGBNU VNIIMZ (Tver Region).We studied the effectiveness of drainage, fertilizers, combed ribbon-scattering method of sowing, harrowing combed crops, seed sowing rates. The soils of the experimental plot, drained by closed drainage, are soddy-podzolic, light loamy and loamy, gleyic, slightly acidic, the content of mobile phosphorus is high, exchange potassium is high, humus is 2.32-2.70%.On average, over 6 years, the yield of winter triticale (cultivar Nemchinovsky 56) amounted to 5.38 t / ha, or 0.63 t / ha more than rye. Under the influence of drainage, the yield of triticale increased by 1.18-2.71 t/ha or by 53.9-81.7%, against the background of fertilizers - by 1.13-2.66 t / ha (by 51.6 - 78,9 %). Under the combined action of drainage and fertilizers, the yield growth was 3.84 t / ha (175%). The highest payment of 1 kg of the active ingredient of fertilizers with a winter triticale crop was received at the drained site with the addition of N45P15K45 - 18.1 kg of grain. It has been established that it is advisable to grow winter triticale on drained lands on ridges 40-80 mm high with local soil compaction under the ridge and pressing seeds into the soil. With the comb method of sowing, the yield increase was 0.99 t / ha or 22.1% in relation to the existing sowing technology (SZ-3.6). The yield increase was due to a larger number of plants and productive stems per unit area (26.0%). Spring harrowing of winter triticale crops had a positive effect on the development of the root system, biomass and all the main elements of plant productivity, and increased triticale yield by 0.58 t / ha (11.6%). With a combed ribbon-spread method of sowing, high yields of winter triticale are possible in a wide range of seeds sowing rates.

Researches with a polba were carried out in 2017-2019 on the experimental fields of the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands (Tver Oblast).The effectiveness of individual agro-technical methods of adapting the technology of its cultivation to the conditions of drained lands was studied: combed ribbon-scattering method of sowing, harrowing combed crops, fertilizers. The soils of the experimental plot are soddy-podzolic, light loamy and loamy sandy, gleyous, drained by closed drainage, slightly acidic, the content of mobile phosphorus is high, exchange potassium is increased, humus is 2.32-2.70%.It has been established that in the conditions of the northwestern part of the Non-chernozem zone it is advisable to grow a polba on drained lands on ridges 40-80 mm high using an improved comb-ribbon spread method of sowing, which provides leveling of the soil surface, creation of a compacted bed and good contact of seeds with soil by pressing seed into the soil. Compared with the ordinary method of sowing, field germination of seeds increased by 22%, survival - by 17.7%, yield - by 1.19 t / ha or 68.0%. The main increase in yield on options with combed sowing method was obtained due to a significant increase in the number of stems with ears. The different regime of pressure of the rollers on the soil during sowing also influenced the biometric parameters of the crops of polba. The best results were obtained with an improved method of sowing with medium and maximum pressure rollers on the soil. Field germination of spelled seeds in these variants was 75-79%, plant survival was 61.0-63.3% or 6-10 and 3.0-5.3%, respectively, more than at the minimum pressure of the rollers. Effective methods of increasing the yield of polba is the harrowing of crops in the phase of complete tillering and the use of a moderate amount of mineral fertilizers. When combed sowing, fertilizer efficiency increases.

The studies were conducted on the experimental fields of the FGBNU VNIIMZ (Tver region). The soil is sod-podzolic, light loamy and sandy gley, drained; humus content - 1.8-2.6%, the supply of nutrients - medium and high, the reaction of the soil environment - slightly acidic and close to neutral. The article discusses the impact of agrotechnical methods and herbicides on weed infestation and crop yield of spring grain crops. It was established that the right and timely pre-emergence harrowing of crops on the impact on yield is practically not inferior to the action of herbicides. The technical efficiency in the number of weeds from the use of herbicide was 60.6%, from a single pre-emergence harrowing - 41.0%, from a double one - 55.7%. It is shown that the efficiency of pre-emergence harrowing, its stability in years of different weather conditions, can be improved using the method of "delayed" sowing of spring grain crops. The technical effectiveness of harrowing with delayed sowing, compared with the control, where the harrowing was carried out on ordinary sowings without delay, increased by 33.6-38.8%, in some experiments in the number of weeds it was more than 70%. With equal yields, the cost of processing 1 hectare of crops with herbicides is 4-6 times higher than the cost of a single harrow and 2-3 times on a double harrow. To create non-herbicidal technologies for growing spring grain crops on drained lands, the method of sowing in ribbons on the ridges is of interest: the yield increases, the contamination of crops decreases.

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