Within the framework of the dynamic statement of the coupled problem of thermomechanics, we investigate the stress-strain state of a disk, caused by the action of a laser pulse or an electron beam, with regard for microstructural transformations, which accompany the heating and subsequent cooling of the material. The solution of axially symmetric problem is carried out numerically using the thermodynamically consistent theory of inelastic behavior of the material and finite element technique and taking into account the temperature dependence of physical and mechanical properties of the material. We also study the influence of microstructural transformations on the dynamic and quasistatic response of the material as well as on the residual stress-strain state in the irradiation zone.