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IntroductionThe characterization of flow behavior in fractured rock under disturbed conditions is important for the disposal of radioactive waste, geothermal utilization by hot dry rock (HDR) systems, oil and gas production from fractured reservoirs, and water production from fractured rock. Recent activity in developing HDR systems has succeeded in attracting both public and political attention and has produced new field and theoretical results that could have a significant influence on other hydrologic disciplines. HDR systems are attractive because they offer the prospect of producing electrical and thermal energy from deep rock formations in areas of high population density since they primarily require only hot (preferably T > 150øC for electrical production) crystalline rocks at drillable depths