This paper constitutes a study on rural poverty from the perspective of multidimensionality and it considers the Bolsa Família Program (BFP), created by the federal goverment of Brazil, a public policy that has contributed to the alleviation of poverty and has also increased the possibility of permanence of men in countryside. In this way, the main objective of this work is to analyze the impact of BFP in the socioeconomic context of the beneficiary families living in the rural community of Sítio Carnaubal (Carnaubal Village) in Água Nova, a small town in Rio Grande do Norte (RN), a state located in the northeastern region of Brazil. The research aims at understanding, among other aspects, the territorialisation of public social policies to combat poverty, as well as the territorialisation of BFP in the area under study, and it is especially interested to comprehend how the program is perceived by the beneficiaries residing in the locale refered to.