The better preservation of LV geometry afforded by ADSC sheets is associated with increased survival and engraftment, which supports the concept of an epicardial delivery of cell-seeded biomaterials.

Extracellular vesicles secreted by iPSC-Pg are effective in the treatment of CHF, possibly, in part, through their specific miRNA signature and the associated stimulation of distinct cardioprotective pathways. The processing and regulatory advantages of EV could make them effective substitutes for cell transplantation.