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In this paper, the Gd 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ nanospheres with the ratio Eu 3+ /Gd 3+ of 6% mol were successfully synthesized by a multi-step chemical method with the mean nanoparticles size of about 200 to 220 nm and a low standard deviation. The morphology, structure and optical behavior of as-synthesized and annealed Gd 2 O 3 :6%Eu 3+ samples were investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffractions (XRD), and photoluminescence spectroscope (PL) The luminescence lifetime of samples was also investigated and discussed. The biomedical nanocomplexes of Gd 2 O 3 :6%Eu 3+ with IgG were fabricated by glutaraldehyde linking after covering nanospheres with amino Silica. The luminescent nanocomplexes Gd 2 O 3 :6%Eu 3+ @Silica-NH 2 -IgG with different concentrations have been incubated with CEA tumor cells to investigate and evaluate the detection capacity by using a fluorescence optical microscopy for the early detection and treatment of cancer.