ResumoTrês espécies de Lythraceae foram registradas para a Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brasil: Cuphea annulata e C. carthagenensis, espécies sul-americanas de ampla distribuição e C. carajasensis endêmica das serras de Carajás. Palavras-chave: Amazônia, Cuphea, espécie endêmica, florística. AbstractThree species of Lythraceae were recorded for the cangas of the Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brazil: Cuphea annulata, and C. carthagenensis, South American species of wide distribution and C. carajasensis, endemic to rocky outcrops of Carajás.

Cuphea harleyi, a new species from Chapada Diamantina, Bahia state, Brazil is described, illustrated, and commented on its ecological aspects. The new species inhabits rocky cerrado and campos rupestres, and is classified in Cuphea sect. Euandra subsec. Hilariella. The comparison of the new species with other species of the subsection has led to the synonymization and lectotypification of C. polymorphoides.