The article aims to analyze the role of energy policy in the development of modern states in the context of foreign affairs. Energy security is an essential element here. Attention is focused on the fact that the problem of energy security often remains uncertain, misunderstood or incomprehensible; countries remain almost blind hostages of threats with dangerous consequences. The growing dependence of the majority of developed industrial countries on oil and gas supplies and the growing demand for fuel from developing countries are shown. Using the example of the European Union, the article demonstrates energy dependence on energy supplies from supplying countries, emphasizes the interconnectedness of energy markets and routes, identifies vectors for the development of its energy policy, and outlines potential ways to solve the problems of energy dependence. This paper has been supported by the RUDN University Strategic Academic Leadership Program.