Antibodies against Ro and La, including recombinant La and recombinant 60 kD-Ro, were determined by counter immunoelectrophoresis and ELISA in over 300 central European systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. The presence of both Ro and La antibodies was strongly associated with the MHC haplotype B8-C4AQ0-DR3-DQ2, the association being strongest for DR3. After exclusion of all B8-DR3 positive patients only DR3 positive patients still showed an increased incidence of Ro and La antibodies, suggesting DR3 as the primary association factor. High titers of La antibody, but not of 60 kD-Ro antibody, were also significantly associated with the presence of DR3. Other DR and DQ antigens or heterozygous DQ combinations were not significantly associated with Ro and La antibodies.
Due to the general lack of physicians in German hospitals new approaches are necessary to be successful in acquiring doctors for training in inpatient rheumatology.Although the financing of rheumatology education is still included in the general payment of hospitals, currently the diagnoses-related groups,,as it has already been fixed in the regulation on hospital care rates in Germany since 1994, new strategies may help to improve the financial situation of hospital units.The implementation of a binding structural quality, endorsed by the Association of Rheumatology Clinics in Germany (VRA), as well as the application of clinical pathways will optimize revenues.Further financial improvements can result from the implementation of case management, the implementation of interdisciplinary treatment, the promotion of a high quality treatment, from a differentiated approach towards outpatient treatment and a specialization within inpatient rheumatology units.Incorporating these strategies the advantages may not only affect the financial situation of hospitals but may also offer valuable incentives for physicians to start their professional career in inpatient rheumatology.
Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die Diagnose von Patienten mit Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) beruht bislang auf der klinischen Symptomatik und laborchemischen Entzündungsparametern. Aktuell wird der Nutzen verschiedener bildgebender Verfahren evaluiert, hierunter die Sonographie, MRT und PET. Ziel der Arbeit/Fragestellung Ziel war die Evaluation der diagnostischen Wertigkeit der 18-Fluordesoxyglukose-Positronenemissionstomographie/Computertomographie (18F-FDG-PET/CT) bei PMR, um die Sensitivität und Spezifität in der diagnostischen Aufarbeitung zu verbessern, sowie die rheumatoide Arthritis (RA) differentialdiagnostisch verbessert abzugrenzen. Material und Methoden Es wurden 18F-FDG-PET/CT-Untersuchungen von 284 rheumatologischen Patienten – hierunter 97 Patienten mit PMR – aus einem 44-monatigen Zeitraum retrospektiv evaluiert. Weiter wurden 13 entzündlich veränderte Regionen via dreidimensionaler Region-of-interest(ROI)-Messung mit Bestimmung des maximalen Standardized-Uptake-Value (SUVmax) analysiert, gefolgt von statistischen Analysen. Ergebnisse und Diskussion Patienten mit PMR zeigten im Vergleich mit einer rheumatologisch behandelten Kontrollgruppe signifikant erhöhte Anreicherungen in allen gemessenen Regionen (p < 0,001). Die Methode mit der stärksten diagnostischen Aussagekraft stellte die Kombination aus vier SUVmax-Messwerten – beider anterolateraler Hüftkapseln und beider Tubera ischiadica – dar, mit einer Sensitivität von 91,3 % und einer Spezifität von 97,6 % bei einem Cut-off von 11,0 SUV für die Erstdiagnose von PMR-Patienten, die noch keine immunsuppressive Therapie erhalten hatten. Patienten mit RA konnten bei Erstdiagnose an ebenjenen anatomischen Regionen signifikant von Patienten mit PMR unterschieden werden (p < 0,001).
The announced major reforms will most probably not have an impact on hospital financing before 2016. Nevertheless, the numerous minor changes in the legislative framework and the new version of the German diagnosis-related groups (G-DRG) system can be important for hospitals specialized in rheumatology. The following article presents the relevant changes and discusses the consequences for hospitals specialized in rheumatology.
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