A removable appliance is a device that modifies mandibular posture and transmits the resultant forces created by muscles and soft tissues to underlying and surrounding anatomical structures in a controlled manner. The resulting variation of the neuromuscular environment thus produces the required tooth movement along with the needed advancements in growing patterns. The necessity and requirement of early treatment is to modify the existing and developing malocclusions and muscular derangements before the attainment of growth completion of permanent dentition. Frankel Function Regulator (FR) is a device which functions on the principle of functional orthopedics in unity with muscle gymnastics (muscle exercises) and thereby results in morphological changes in both the jaws hence re-establishing the desirable normal occlusion.

Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is defined as the presence of one or more carious lesions, which are either cavitated or non cavitated in children up to five years of age. The primordial risk factors leading to the development of Early Childhood Caries include prolonged retention of bacterial plaque, decreased oral hygiene maintenance and frequent consumption of sugary syrups and beverages. Hence, ECC has a substantial influence on the child's lifestyle, which results in the child experiencing severe pain, premature loss of teeth, improper nourishment, difficulty in mastication, and delay in attaining normal milestones with regard to normal growth and development child both physically and psychologically. This paper presents a case report of a 4-year-old child patient who is diagnosed with Early Childhood Caries and explains in detail regarding the rehabilitation of the child's mouth with caries prevention strategies along with restorative and rehabilitative procedures with special consideration on modification of child's feeding habits and practice of good oral hygiene measures beneficial for the child.

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Background Anxiety and fear of dental treatment in children have been recognized as sources of serious health problems. Parents are known to subtly transmit feelings of fear and anxiety to their children Commonly which has influence on children’s dental anxiety are maintenance of general health of the child, past dental history, oral hygiene practices and attitudes in the family towards oral health and high dental anxiety of parents, all of these contributed to sustained and elevated levels of children’s dental anxiety. Aim This study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of parental anxiety on their children during their visit to dental clinics. Objective To determine the relationship between parental anxiety level and that of a child. Methods A short clinical study was performed to assess the influence of parental anxiety on their children during their visit to dental clinics. Twenty subjects were randomly selected and their parents were given the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale Questionnaire (MDAS) and their physiologic parameters were measured during each visit. Similarly, the children’s responses were analyzed using the Facial Image Scale (FIS) and their physiologic parameters were measured. Results The values show a positive correlation (P < 0.05) between the scores (MDAS and FIS) and physiologic parameters (blood pressure and heart rate) of parents and their children. Conclusion The dental anxiety levels in parents influence the anxiety levels in children.

Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the rapidly progressing dental carious lesions found to be affecting innumerable children worldwide in an endemic manner. Bacterial plaque retention, inadequate oral hygiene, and increased frequency of sugar consumption are considered the primary risk factors causing this lesion. Recent studies have shown that ECC has an undeniable influence on a child’s growth and development, resulting in early loss of deciduous dentition, insufficient space for erupting succedaneous teeth, poorly developed speech, and mastication, which can finally affect the child’s growth physically and psychologically. Hence, it is highly essential that these carious lesions have to be maintained and prevented in a therapeutically systematic manner, which can benefit the child. This study presents a review that enhances an update on ECC and details the various contributing factors and adds up the recent treatment and risk assessment strategies in ascertaining the carious lesions before its advancement.