As more concern arises day by day for the environmental pollution due to pharmaceutical products and their toxic nature, analytical methods require characterizing drug substances and drug product composition during all phases of environmental habitats, mainly in water habitats. A simple, sensitive, and accurate analysis has been developed to estimate esomeprazole in pharmaceutical effluents, which are released from the pharmaceutical industries into the aquatic environment, by using RP-HPLC with UV detection. The developed method is highly reproducible and sensitive to determine the esomeprazole at less than 10 ppm level. A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the estimation of esomeprazole in effluents or pharmaceutical industry washouts. The separation was achieved on the C18 Gemini NX column (150 mm × 4.6 mm id., 5.0 μm). Detection was carried out using a UV detector at 302 nm. The total chromatographic analysis time per sample was about 10.0 min with esomeprazole eluting at a retention time of about 5.0 min. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity and sensitivity.

The present research is focused on investigating the phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of Aegialitis rotundifolia Roxb. leaf. Different solvent extracts of A. rotundifolia Roxb. leaves are screened for secondary metabolites by qualitative and quantitative analysis. The resultant phytochemical screening proves that the plant leaves consist of various secondary metabolites. The quantitative analysis proves that phenolic compounds and flavonoids are dominant among them. Four different antioxidant activity methods, namely, ABTS radical scavenging activity, phosphomolybdate assay, peroxide activity and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power), are used for assessing the activity of the leaf extract. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the leaf have high potency of antioxidant activity and reported dose-dependent activity. Similar promising antioxidant results are also reported for ABTS radical scavenging activity (82.4% reduction at 200 µg mL-1 of ethanol and 90.0% reduction at 200 µg mL-1 of aqueous extract), phosphomolybdate assay (82.4% reduction at 200 µg mL-1 of ethanol and 74.5 % reduction at 200 µg mL-1 of aqueous extract) and peroxide activity (92.1 % reduction at 200 µg mL-1 of ethanol and 93.1 % reduction at 200 µg mL-1 of aqueous extract). The antioxidant activity reported with ethanol (157.4 mmol Fe2+/g) and aqueous extract (129.8 mmol Fe2+/g) was also studied by analyzing with FRAP reduction. The obtained findings confirmed the high antioxidant activity of plant leaf extract and its application for pharmacological activity.