ABSTRAKKawasan konservasi yang digunakan sebagai lokasi wisata selam, berpotensi menimbulkan kerusakan ekosistem sumberdaya terumbu karang yang ada disekitarnya. Wisatawan yang memperoleh kepuasan ketika menikmati keindahan alam laut, maka mereka harus memberikan kontribusi balik terhadap lingkungan. Dana kontribusi tersebut akan dipergunakan untuk biaya perbaikan kualitas lingkungan yang rusak akibat aktivitas wisatawan. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis seberapa besar kontribusi PES terhadap keberlanjutan ekosistem terumbu karang sebagai penunjang kegiatan wisata selam, dan bagaimana mekanisme pungutan PES yang efisien dan optimal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, iuran PES dari pengguna jasa wisata selam berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekosistem terumbu karang apabila iuran tersebut dikelola secara baik dan benar. Dalam skema pungutan PES yang diusulkan pada artikel ini adalah dengan melibatkan seluruh stakeholder yang berkepentingan terhadap kawasan konservasi ke dalam lembaga pengelola dana PES. Kata Kunci: payment for environment services (PES); ekosistem terumbu karang; wisata selam; kawasan konservasi; Gili MatraABSTRACT Conservation areas which are utilized as diving tourism location, have potencials to cause damages of the surrounding thicks of coral reef ecosystem resources. Tourists who have gained satisfaction when enjoying the beauty of the nature "under the sea", hence they must provide reciprocal contributions for the environment. The contribution funds will be used for costs of damaged environmental quality restoration due to tourist activities. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analyze the magnitude of PES' contribution to the sustainability of coral reef ecosystems as a mean to support diving tourism activities, and how the collection mechanism of PES is being efficient and optimal. Research results indicated that, PES fees from users of diving tourism services have significant effects on growth of coral reef ecosystem if the fees are managed properly and correctly. In the collection scheme of PES which is proposed in this article is by involving the entire stakeholders who have importance to the conservation areas into funding management institution for PES. PENDAHULUANHingga Desember 2013, Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan telah mencadangkan Taman Nasional Perairan seluas 3.521.130,01 Hektare (Ha) dan memfasilitasi pencadangan Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Daerah (KKPD) seluas 5.561.463,09 Ha. Selain itu, Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan juga telah menetapkan 8 (delapan) kawasan konservasi yang diserahterimakan dari Kementerian Kehutanan dengan luas keseluruhan 723.984,00 Ha. Hingga saat ini kawasan konservasi laut yang diinisiasi dan pengelolaannya berada di bawah wewenang Kementerian Kehutanan mencapai luas keseluruhan 4.694.947,55 Ha. Sampai akhir 2013, luas keseluruhan kawasan konservasi perairan di Indonesia telah mencapai 15.764.210,85 Ha (KKP, 2013).

The development of the marine tourism sector in conservation areas creates a dilemma in its management. When economic interests are prioritized, it will have a negative impact on ecological aspects, so it is necessary to have a balance between environmental conservation activities and tourist activities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to design a sustainable tourist allocation management model in conservation areas and the optimal economic value of each dive tourism site. The results of the analysis of the carrying capacity of the area per dive location point are then analyzed using dynamic models to predict the growth in tourism demand and supply, so that the economic value of each dive tourism site can be known. The results of the analysis show that not all conservation areas are suitable for diving tourism sites and appropriate locations have varying carrying capacities, depending on the area of the area. The number of offers from each dive tourism location some are more than the capacity and some are still below the capacity, so that in order to achieve sustainable diving tourism management, the allocation of requests is carried out proportionally and does not exceed the level of the area's carrying capacity (supply).

Between economic and economic interests is a classic problem faced in national development. Both must be balanced in order to achieve sustainable development.The purpose of this study is to estimate the optimal economic value of resource utilization for diving tourism around Gili Indah Water Park (TWP). The estimation of economic value is based on the result of area suitability analysis and carrying capacity analysis of the area. Results of suitability analysis shows that only 5 of 12 dive sites are suitably conditional for diving tourism and 7 of 12 dive sites are suitable. However, the inappropriate location is still used for non-tourism diving activities. Diving schedules are divided into two parts: first performed during the day and second done at night. Total carryng capasity for day diving as many as 4,636 people per day. Based on the calculation of the carrying capacity of the area can be estimated total economic value of the area of 13.5 billion rupiah per day. While the total cost incurred per day is estimated at 10.3 billion rupiah per day. The equilibrium of demand and supply will be achieved by 2035 if the growth of visits is at 5% per year.