Surface water bodies are one of the irreplaceable natural resources for human survival, and it extensively reduces with increasing the world population. This study modeled the spatiotemporal changes of land use / land cover (LULC) and identified the most influential LULC parameters, which contributes in the reduction of surface water bodies using the Landsat 4 and 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI images (1992-2017). Rajshahi City Corporation is situated in the Northern piece of Bangladesh. A maximum likelihood supervised images classification algorithm was used for detection of changes in LULC. Matrix union technique was used for identifying the prominent LULC parameters. About 14% of water bodies were filled up in twenty-five year (1992-2017) due to rapid urbanization in Rajshahi City Corporation area. This study can provide an essential move towards necessary actions for preservation of surface water bodies to maintain the ecological balance and environmental sustainability.

The increment of vehicles due to the proportional increment of populations and a rapid development of modern society is a major concern in Metropolitan cities in developing countries like Bangladesh. So, it is imperative to monitor traffic volume as well as the quality of transport supply termed as the Level of Service (LOS). The present study is an investigation of the behavior of mixed traffic flow in Rajshahi city of Bangladesh. Field Traffic volume survey was carried out to determine the level of service at 3 major Unsignalized intersections in Rajshahi city corporation (RCC). Level of service (LOS) was determined by volume capacity ratio and peak hour factor (PHF) method. Nature of traffic flow in Rajshahi city is heterogeneous. So, this heterogeneous or mixed traffic are simplified by Passenger car unit (PCU). Then estimated PCU was used to determine LOS. LOS was calculated for both directions of roads. Auto rickshaw, easy bike and Rickshaw are the dominant vehicles in Monicottor, Vodra, and Laxmipur intersection. According to PHF method and V/C ratio method, LOS of Monicottor intersection is very unstable and worst. At Vodra intersection which consists of three legs, Talaimari to Vodra lane contains highest traffic volume at evening peak and the LOS of Vodra to Padma Residentail area is very worst in nature after analyzing both V/C ratio and PHF method. Considering and evaluating all the findings it can be recommended that Restriction for truck movement in daytime should be applied in Monicottor intersection and width of Monicottor to Sondighir mor and Vodra to Padma residential area road need to be increased to make the traffic flow suitable. Also, incorporation of an effective traffic signal, traffic rules and regulation should be applied and maintained properly in the worst condition intersection to accelerate the traffic flow in RCC area.

The safe drinking water crisis is recognized as one of the major problems and the significant barrier to improve health and wellbeing in Rajshahi city. Basically, RWASA (Rajshahi Water Supply and Sewerage Authority) supplies water at Debishingpara in Rajshahi City Corporation (RCC). Safe drinking water crisis is becoming intensified day by day in Rajshahi City. The objective of the study is to identify local problem regarding safe drinking water scarcity in the community and to propose a communitybased Strategies for reducing safe drinking water crisis. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach was applied to identify the problems and suggest the community-based solution by involving community people. The study has been conducted by collecting data from a focus group which consists of 8 members (4 males and 4 females) on supplied water and water collection system. Causeeffect diagram and Pair-wise Ranking Matrix was used as PRA tools to understand the causes and impact of drinking water scarcity and identify the main difficulties to access safe drinking water. According to the focus group discussion, the community people suffered mostly due to lack of water purification system, less number of tube well and existence of iron in the water. The study includes a dream map which obtains suggestions from the participants of the focus group. This study emphasizes on the community participation in the participatory forum to discuss appropriate solutions relating to the supplied water in the community. This study also tries to incorporate relevant policy and strategy to improve the condition.