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Abstract:In this work, PES (polyethersulfone)/TiO 2 nanotubes membranes were fabricated by a simple and cheap method. The TiO 2 NTs (titanium dioxide nanotubes) are prepared by the hydrothermal method, the tubes had a narrow size distribution with an average inner diameter of 3-5 nm and outer diameter of 10-13 nm. TiO 2 NTs blended PES membranes are prepared by phase inversion method with different nanotubes percentage (0.18%-0.85%). The morphology of PES membrane was obviously affected by the addition of TiO 2 NTs. The prepared membranes were applied on a vacuum desalination system and the desalination results showed that the salt rejection % and permeate flux of the membrane are enhanced through the addition of TiO 2 NTs. The membrane with higher (0.85%) TiO 2 NTs content resulted in a decrease of salt rejection % because of the defective membrane structure.

P asteurella multocida is a zoonotic Gram-negative bacterium of global distribution associated with economic losses in animal production (Steen et al., 2010). It causes hemorrhagic septicemia, fowl cholera, atrophic rhinitis, and snuffles in bovids, birds, swines, and rabbits, respectively (Moustafa et al., 2015). Hemorrhagic septicemia is a