Demographic development of any country is a complex process related to many changes realized in the society and to political processes among them. The goal of the research is to determine peculiarities of demographic development due to political processes in the independent Georgia. The issue is rather urgent in a view point of the fact that the territorial integrity of the country is destroyed due to political processes and demographic situation has been deteriorated as well. Population decreased from 5,45 million to 3,73 million in the independent Georgia in 1991-2015. As a result of research the main reasons of the reduction of population were the political processes. In addition, natural growth rate dropped down as a result of deterioration of social-economic conditions and emigration became active due to compulsive migration. Improvement of the demographic situation is possible by restoring territorial integrity of the country, political stabilization and implementation of demographic policy. A lot of countries have demographic problems deteriorated as a result of political processes but the studies in this direction are less likely to be conducted. Therefore, studying the problem on the example of Georgia will be both, cognitive and applied at the same time.

No abstract

The changes in age and gender structure of population of Georgia negatively reflected the demographic development, which has worsening tendency and constitutes one of actual problems of the country. The main aim of the study is to find out factors influencing population`s age and gender structure, assessment of changes performed and definition of its further development tendencies. As a result of the study, there was found out, that changes in age and gender structures mainly were caused by political and social-economic factors, which had quite different course through time and space. There are defined a quantitative and qualitative properties, also intra - regional originalities of these changes and there are set the ways to improve demographic condition.

Social-economic development of mountain regions mostly depends on maximum usage of existing resources, which constitutes of urgent issues of contemporaneity. In line with all this the special significance is granted to application of touristic and recreational resources in Georgia, which constitutes the priority trend for sustainable economic development of mountain regions. The work has studied the basic touristic and recreational properties of Makhuntseti Waterfall of Mountainous Adjaria and its place in tourism business development in the region. There is grounded the priority of natural-geographic and social-economic conditions necessary to establish Makhuntseti as a resort. Besides, under complex, unstable natural conditions and in terms of limited resources - the supremacy of tourism among business areas is determined and its further perspectives are established.