Introduction: A three dimensional seal is the one of main steps in the successful root canal treatment .The smear layer that has been created on the dentinal wall during root canal instrumentation should be removed by using irrigation solution. Irrigation solution should be always used with mechanical preparation of root canal system as an important part for successful endodontic treatment Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the efficacy of four irrigating solutions in removing the smear layer. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 single rooted teeth were selected and instrumented and then assigned in a random manner into 4 groups of 10 each. Each group treated with different solutions (Normal saline, Sodium hypochlorite, Apple vinegar and Ginger oil). Scanning Electron Microscope had been used to measure the effect of these materials (solutions) in removal of smear layer from three root sections (Apical, middle and coronal third of the root). Conclusion: According to the Torbinjad criteria; Apple vinegar showed the best result in smear layer removal for the whole root length and no single irrigant can accomplish all the tasks required by irrigation.

Background: returning surface of the enamel to its pre-orthodontic state after debonding of brackets without any damage to the texture of enamel is a clinical contest. removal of Residual adhesive using correct and suitable tools and methods ensures a smooth surface and healthy plaque-free environment. Therefore; the study aims to determine the safest method to finish enamel surface after bracket debonding using three different methods.Method: Thirty premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes were selected for this study. The samples were coded 1-30 randomly and surface roughness was measured before bracket placement using profilometer. Then bracket bonded in the middle third of the buccal surface of the premolars and then debonded using debonding plier. The sample was divided into three groups, 10 for each group (group 1: 18-flute tungsten carbide bur, group 2: 12-flute tungsten carbide bur, group 3: adhesive removing plier). Then the second roughness measurement was recorded.Result: It is found that debonding with adhesive removing plier was the least efficient method followed by 12-fluted tungsten carbide bur, so the best clean-up method in this study achieved is by using 18-fluted tungsten carbide bur. Conclusion:The 18-fluted flame-shaped tungsten carbide bur at high speed for orthodontic adhesive removal demonstrated more favorable results in our hands, as it resulted in the smoothest enamel surface and could reasonably be used as a standard by which future other burs or other procedures are compared.