Summary

Objective. In the light of the IOC Consensus Statement, to develop the modern ideas about the directions of development of sports nutrition science, its basic principles, problems and prospects for their solution. Methods. Analysis and generalization of data from scientific and methodological literature, and normative documents on this issue. Results. The generalization of published data on the basis of the IOC Consensus Statement on the use of dietary supplements among highly qualified athletes made it possible to develop not only the concept of sports nutrition science as a new field of scientific knowledge and practical application, but also to outline the main principles for its implementation in the practice of athletes’ training and to highlight the main groups of supplements that can be used in high performance sport. It was emphasized that the strategic directions for the implementation of the Consensus Statement published in March 2018 are the stimulation of physical performance and the acceleration of recovery processes and the preservation of the health of athletes through the rational and reasonable use of nutritional supplements, functional foods, and individual nutrients. For the first time, the concept of ergogenic nutritional aids was developed that makes it possible in the future to revise the system of pharmacological support of sports training. Conclusion. It was emphasized that the applied nutritional aids must meet the quality standards for nutritional supplements, while ensuring proper control over their production, distribution, and, especially, the use by athletes. Methods of nutritional support for physical activity should take into account the specialization and qualifi cation of athletes, their sex and age characteristics, and should be applied depending on the period of preparation and focus of training loads. In connection with the improvement of the methods and the tightening of the procedure for doping control, it is extremely important that nutritional ergogenic agents do not contain substances belonging to the WADA Prohibited List, while providing a pronounced effect of stimulating performance along with maintaining the mental and physical health of athletes.

No abstract

Фактор росту ендотелію судин при фізичних навантаженнях з різним механізмом енергозабезпечення м'язової діяльності НДІ Національного університету фізичного виховання та спорту України, Київ; E-mail: vinnichukju@gmail.com, gunina-sport@yandex

Under high-intensity loads, the athlete's bodies take place a number of biochemical reactions and physiological processes that can lead to hyperbilirubinemia. The factors that can initiate the onset of this phenomenon include the syndrome of micro-damage muscle, violation of the integrity of erythrocyte membranes, decreased blood pH, malnutrition and increase oxygen demand of the body. Degree of expression of manifestations of physiological bilirubinemia depends on the level of adaptation of the athlete to the physical activities offered. Hyperbilirubinemia in athletes can be one of the components of the deterioration of the functional state, forming the symptoms of endogenous intoxication. The relevance of this problem in sport lies in the relatively low detection rate of hyperbilirubinemia due to the lack of regular screening studies. However, in drawing up a plan of nutritional- metabolic support for training and competitive activity and recovery measures, must not only the individual reaction of the athlete body to physical activity, but also the severity of shifts in the indicators of bilirubin metabolism and their ratio. The article describes the reasons for the increase in bilirubin levels, which can be caused by both the effect of physical activity and by the presence of pathological processes in athletes. The factors influencing the blood serum’s bilirubin content are also highlighted, which include the state of erythrocyte cell membranes and the rate of hemoglobin destruction, the functional state of the liver, the specifics of physical loads and the use of ergogenic pharmacological agents by athletes. Particular accent has been placed on the illumination of hereditary hyperbilirubinemias, which may have been detected at the stage of selection of athletes. The most common phenomenon is Gilbert's syndrome, which occurs in 2-5% of cases in the general population, is characterized in the clinic by a benign flow and is manifested by episodes of jaundice and an increase in total bilirubin content to moderate values due to indirect. The frequency of detection of hyperbilirubinemias in the population of athletes is 4.68%, among which Gilbert's disease accounts for almost half (48.7%). Conclusion. The work highlighted the pathogenesis and diagnostic algorithm of Gilbert's disease, and also emphasized that its drug prevention and correction in athletes to maintain functional and physical fitness should be carried out taking into account anti-doping rules, which requires upon diagnosis timely receipt of a therapeutic exclusion