The paper considers the export problem of the agro-industrial products of Russia. The research relevance lies in the competition conditions in the world food markets. The paper aims to study the impact of the development of exports of agricultural products on the stability of the Russian economy. Considering the strengthening of the position of agricultural products export in the structure of Russian exports, the paper aims to assess the problems and identify new opportunities for the development of agricultural products exports based on an analysis of its dynamics and structure. The authors applied the methods of economic-statistical analysis to identify patterns in the dynamics and structure of exports of agricultural products. During the research, the dynamics and structure of agricultural exports were analyzed. The authors also calculated the average export price for the enlarged product groups. They concluded that (1) the share of agricultural exports in the structure of Russian exports is growing and (2) that there is a need to increase its efficiency through government support measures. New opportunities for the export of agricultural products in the world market arise with (1) an increase of the competitiveness of products, (2) the development of new sales markets, (3) a stable position of exporters, (4) the efficient production of agricultural products by national producers. Currently, it is possible only if state support for export activities is combined with the initiatives of the agriculture entrepreneurs. The paper will be useful for regional and federal governments, the scientific community, and anyone interested in Russian export issues.