Objective: To investigate the recent pieces of evidence regarding the bacterial ocular surface contamination and its treatment in the prophylaxis of post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis. Methods: We conducted a literature research on the topic of interest and selected the most relevant data. Results: The studies reported a relatively high rate of positive conjunctival culture and the most frequently isolated organism was Coagulase negative Staphylococcus, which is also the most common etiological agent of the postoperative endophthalmitis. The bacterial ocular surface load is influenced by age, climate, associated diseases, topical and systemic medication. The use of povidone-iodine alone or in association with levofloxacin eyedrops as prophylactic method is effective in reducing the conjunctival bacterial contamination and consequently decreases the incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis. Conclusions: Based on the current pieces of evidence, adequate treatment of the bacterial ocular surface contamination prior to cataract surgery seems to be effective in preventing endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. Abbreviations: EU = European Union, Spp. = Species, HIV = Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Objective: To establish the magnitude of endothelial cells alterations in acute anterior uveitis (AAU) and the clinical impact of local anti-inflammatory treatment. Methods: 27 patients at first episode of unilateral AAU were included. According to the moment of presentation in our departments, two different groups were created, early treatment uveitis group (ETUG) and delayed treatment uveitis group (DTUG). Each patient underwent a corneal endothelial specular microscopy, in both eyes, two weeks after we begun the topical treatment. Results: A statistically significant endothelial cells loss in the uveitis eye was identified in both groups, more important in DTUG. Also, in this group, the pleomorfism, polimegathism and central corneal thickness (CCT) were statistically significant increased. Conclusions: The patients with unilateral AAU and delayed presentation showed more important alterations, first structural and then functional, due to a prolonged inflammatory response. This, in association with other favorable ocular conditions can progress to a permanent corneal endothelial decompensation. The sooner the anti-inflammatory treatment was initiated, the more limited were the destructive processes. Abbreviations: AAU = Acute Anterior Uveitis, ETUG = Early Treatment Uveitis Group, DTUG = Delayed Treatment Uveitis Group, CCT = Central Corneal Thickness, CV = Coefficient of Variation, ECD = Endothelial Cells Density, HEX = Percentage of Hexagonal Cells