Dermatophytes are fungal pathogens that cause cutaneous infections such as onychomycosis and athlete's foot in both healthy and immunocompromised patients.Trichophyton rubrum is the most prevalent dermatophyte causing human nail and skin infections worldwide, and because of its anthropophilic nature, animal infection models are limited. The purpose of this work was to compare the expression profile of T. rubrum genes encoding putative virulence factors during growth in ex vivo and in vitro infection models. The efficiency of the ex vivo skin infection model was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed that the conidia had produced hyphae that penetrated into the epidermis. Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the expression of some genes is modulated in response to the infection model used, as compared to that observed in cells grown in glucose-containing media. We concluded that ex vivo infection models help assess the molecular aspects of the interaction of T. rubrum with the host milieu, and thus provide insights into the modulation of genes during infection.
Este estudo teve como objetivo relatar a experiência de um grupo acadêmicos e técnicos de enfermagem que atuaram na assistência à saúde, de forma direta e indireta, de pacientes com COVID-19 durante a pandemia do ano de 2020. Trata-se de um relato de experiência, exploratório e descritivo, de cinco acadêmicos e técnicos de enfermagem, em hospitais privados e públicos e em uma clínica privada, ambos no estado do Rio de Janeiro, no período de março a junho de 2020. A vivência dos profissionais durante o tempo de pandemia causou diversos conflitos aos mesmos, atingindo fortemente sua saúde mental e emocional. Sentimentos como medo, ansiedade e preocupação foram frequentemente relatados, principalmente dos que atuaram em ambientes onde não era possível saber se o paciente possuia coronavírus ou não uma vez que, até certo momento, nem sempre era possível o uso de equipamentos de proteção individual necessário para todos os profissionais. Embora o impacto negativo causado pela pandemia do novo coronavírus tenha sido grande, os profissionais relataram também que, após atuarem nesse período, se sentiram mais confiantes e seguros em desenvolver a enfermagem, atentando para a necessidade de seguir normas básicas de higiene e biossegurança e também da necessidade de haver uma maior valorização dos profissionais de enfermagem pelas instituições em geral, providenciando, no mínimo, equipamentos e materiais para o desenvolvimento adequado da assistência.
Fungal growth and development depend on adaptation to the particular pH of their environment. Ambient pH sensing implies the activation of the pacC signaling pathway, which then acts as a critical regulator for different physiological conditions. The PacC transcription factor may also be associated with the control of salt stress tolerance. In a pH-dependent manner, salinity stress is surpassed by changes in gene expression and coordinated activation of other signaling pathways, thus permitting survival in the challenging environment. In this study, we assessed the regulatory role of Trichophyton interdigitale PacC in response to pH variation and salinity stress. By employing gene expression analysis, we evaluated the influence of PacC in the modulation of salt stress-related genes, including the transcription factors crz1, egr2, and the MAP kinase hog1 in the dermatophyte T. interdigitale. In our analysis, we also included the evaluation of a potassium/sodium efflux P-type ATPase aiming to identify the role of PacC on its ion pumping activity. Here we demonstrated that salinity stress and buffered pH conditions might affect the pacC gene modulation in the dermatophyte T. interdigitale.
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