RESUMOO desempenho da reciclagem de latas de alumínio depende da estrutura da rede de logística reversa, pois a transferência de material dos pontos de geração até as plantas de fundição envolve altos custos de transporte. Uma estratégia para reduzir estes custos consiste em instalar centros de coleta próximos aos locais de descarte para receber, prensar as latas e unitizar a carga. Neste trabalho propomos um modelo de otimização para planejar a rede reversa, que considera decisões de localização e dimensionamento dos centros de coleta, alocação dos pontos de geração aos centros de coleta, e dimensionamento da frota de veículos. Testes usando dados da reciclagem no Brasil mostram que os custos fixos de instalação de centros de coleta são compensados pela redução nos custos de transporte, de fato, a abertura de novos centros de coleta implica em uma redução de 30% do custo total da rede. Palavras-chave: Logística reversa, Planejamento de rede, Modelo de otimização. ABSTRACTThe environmental performance of aluminum cans recycling depends on the structure of the reverse logistics network, since the transfer of material from generation points to smelting centers involves high transportation costs. One strategy to reduce these costs consists in installing collection centers next to generation points to receive, press and load unitization. In this work, we propose an optimization model to plan the reverse network, considering decisions of locating and sizing collection centers, allocating generation points to collection centers, and sizing fleets. Tests using data from cans recycling in Brazil show that the fixed costs of installing collection centers offset high transport costs; in fact, installing collection centers implies a 30% reduction in total costs.
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