Allium leucanthum C. Koch is an endemic Caucasian species that grows in Georgia. The flowers are used in traditional medicine. Phytochemical investigation allowed the isolation of seven spirostanol type saponins from the flowers. Their structures were elucidated on the base of NMR and HRESIMS spectrometry data. A new compound, which we have named leucospiroside A (5), has been identified as (25R)-5α-spirostane-2α,3β,6β-triol 3-O-β-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-galactopyranoside. The six others were known substances, but are described in this plant for the first time. The crude extract, spirostanol and furostanol fractions, as well as isolated compounds, were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity. Compounds 1-3 and 5 were found to be the most active, with relatively similar IC50 values ranging from 3.7 to 5.8 µM for a lung cancer cell line (A549) and 5.6 to 8.2 µM for a colon cancer cell line (DLD-1).

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The isolation and identification of β-sitosterol 3-O-β-glucopyranoside, quercetin 3-O-β-glucopyranoside, isorhamnetin 3,4'-di-O-β-glucopyranoside and isorhamnetin 3,7-di-O-β-glucopyranoside from the flowers of Allium gramineum that grows in Georgia. The structures of isolated compounds have been determined by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)

The aim of the study is to determine diagnostic characteristics based on the study of the macro-and microstructural characteristics of the generating and vegetative organs of Allium ponticum Micscz ex Grossh.Bilateral epidermis of leaves of A. ponticum has identical structure. Paracytic type of stomatas are concentrated on the narrowed edge of cells of leaf epidermis. Vascular bundle of collateral type. The

The microstructural characteristics of the vegetative and generating organs of the medicinal plant Allium saxatile Bieb. has been studied, using Carl Zeiss, Jeneval light microscope and Omax stereoscopic microscope.The leaves of A. saxatile are bare and have toothed edge. Mesophyll of the leave is characterized with an isolateral structure. leaf-covering tissue is sharply cutinized, the cell membrane of the singlerowed epidermal tissue is strongly thickened. Stem is bare, the protective tissue is actively cutinized, the epidermis is in a single layer, its cells are characterized by a square shape and have a strong thickening of the outer periclinary walls. The vascular bundle is represented with a group layout of lumens of large and small-caliber conductive vessels of an oval and weakly angular shape. The thickening of the shell of the vascular bundle is predominantly spiral. Inflorescence is round, with a frequent flower umbrella. The perianth is egg-bellish, its cover is free, elongated, pointed shape, pale pink in color. Filaments are longer than flowers of the perianth. Bulb is free, surrounded by an elongated-conical shape, brownish coloring, dried, leathery shell. The root of have shape of sphere, covering tissue of root -exoderm have double row of cells and is represented with thin-skinned smaller size and large, square-shaped cells.