Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defi ned as a glucose intolerance that occurs for the fi rst time or it is fi rst identifi ed during pregnancy. Th e GDM etiology is multifactorial. It has not completely been established yet and several known risk factors may contribute to its onset. To date, there are no shared guidelines on the management and follow-up, especially regarding the lowincome countries. In this paper, we describe the state of art about epidemiology, physiopathology, diagnosis, and management of GDM. Moreover, we focus on the current state in low income countries trying to outline basis for further research.
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