No abstract

No abstract

Optic disc (OD), especially its diameter together with optic cup diameter can be used as a feature to diagnose glaucoma. This study contains two main steps for optic disc localisation, i.e. OD centre point detection and OD diameter determination. Centre point of OD is obtained by finding brightness pixel value based on average filtering. After that, OD diameter is measured from the detected optic disc boundary. The proposed scheme is validated on 30 healthy and glaucoma retinal fundus images from HRF database. The results are compared to the ground truth images. The proposed scheme obtains evaluation result (E) for healthy and glaucoma images is 0.23 and 0.21, respectively. Evaluation result (E) shows the ratio between the average distance of OD centre point obtained by proposed method and that of the ground truth divided by average difference between OD diameter by proposed method and that of the ground truth. The lesser the value of E the better the performance of the method in detecting OD centre point and determining the OD diameter. Therefore, these results indicate successful implementation of automated OD localisation by detecting OD centre point and determining OD diameter in healthy and glaucoma images. Moreover, this scheme has a potential to be implemented in the development of a computerised glaucoma diagnosis system.

INTISARIPada naskah ini akan dilakukan analisis nilai tegangan dan arus pada Alat Kontrol Intensitas Lampu Jalan Otomatis Tenaga Surya. Data tersebut diperoleh dari hasil pengujian alat terssebut dengan waktu/jam yang berbeda-beda untuk mengetahui efektivitas cahaya matahari dalam mengisi daya solar panel. Alat tersebut dibuat agar hemat energi dan sebagai energi alternatif. Sumber utama dari penerangan ini adalah dari energi matahari yang dikonversi oleh panel surya menjadi listrik, dan baterai atau aki berfungsi sebagai penyimpan energi listrik yang akan menyalakan lampu pada malam hari. Oleh sebab itu, apabila listrik PLN mengalami gangguan atau mati listrik maka penerangan jalan ini tidak terpengaruh.Dari alat di atas, diperoleh hasil pengujian untuk variable tegangan arus. Selanjutnya akan dianalisis pengaruh waktu/jam terhadap pengambilan data nilai tegangan dan arus. Pada data waktu pengisian panel surya, rata-rata tegangan dari solar cell sama yaitu 19,54 volt dan median (nilai tengah) sebesar 20 volt serta nilai rerata arus sebesar 0,81 A dan median sebesar 0,8 A. Semakin siang maka arus yang masuk ke baterai semakin besar karena energi dari sinar matahari berada pada puncaknya yaitu pada jam 11:00 sampai 13:00, kemudian semakin sore maka arus yang masuk semakin kecil karena sinar matahari yang diterima solar cell sudah tidak optimal.Kata kunci— solar panel, tegangan, arus, energi matahari ABSTRACTIn this paper, an analysis of the value of voltage and current will be carried out on the Intensity Control Tool for Automatic Solar Street Lights. The data was obtained from the results of testing the tool with different times/hours to determine the effectiveness of sunlight in charging solar panels. The tool is made to save energy and as an alternative energy. The main source of this lighting is from solar energy which is converted by solar panels into electricity, and the battery or battery serves as a store of electrical energy that will turn on the lights at night. Therefore, if the PLN electricity is interrupted or there is a power failure, the street lighting will not be affected.From the above tool, the test results are obtained for the current voltage variable. Furthermore, it will be analyzed the effect of time/hour on data retrieval of voltage and current values. In the solar panel charging time data, the average voltage from the solar cell is the same, namely 19.54 volts and the median (middle value) is 20 volts and the average current value is 0.81 A and the median is 0.8 A. The amount that goes into the battery is getting bigger because the energy from sunlight is at its peak at 11:00 to 13:00, then later in the afternoon, the incoming current gets smaller because the sunlight received by the solar cell is not optimal.Kata kunci—  solar panels, voltage, current, solar energy

No abstract