The effects of dietary garlic (Allium sativum) powder as a feed additive on hematological and biochemical health characteristics of European Sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax juveniles were studied. Experimental fish were fed diets supplemented with garlic powder at 0 (control), 2%, 4%, or 6% levels for a period of 60 days. Results showed that the red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, hematocrit (%), and mean corpuscular Hb in fish fed garlic powder diets at dietary inclusion levels of 4% and 6%, were significantly lower than the control values. Serum glucose was significantly lower in Sea bass that were fed garlic powder diets (4% and 6%) compared to the control group. Serum triglyceride and globulin levels in fish fed a 4% garlic powder diet were significantly higher than the control values, whereas these two variables in the 2% and 6% garlic treatments were similar to the control values. The cholesterol levels in the 2% and 6% treatment groups were lower than the value recorded for the control group. As a result, it is suggested that garlic powder supplementation in diets for Sea bass juveniles should not exceed 2%. The present study is the first attempt to examine the effects of dietary garlic powder on the hematological and biochemical status in Sea bass juveniles.

Bryophytes are the second largest heterogeneous group of terrestrial plants. The bryophytes placed taxonomically between Algae and Pteridophytes, are further divided into three classes; Hornworts (class Anthocerotae), Liverworts (class Hepaticae) and Mosses (class Musci). They are the most captivating exotic species on earth with distinguishing characteristics. Bryophytes are rich in a variety of secondary biological active compounds. Bryophytes contain potentially useful natural products, including polysaccharides terpenoids, lipids, amino acids and phenylpropanoids. Bryophyte isolated compounds and extracts have cytotoxic, antimicrobial, insecticidal, antiviral, nematocidal effects on smooth and non-striated muscles, weight loss, plant growth regulation and allelopathic activities. In the present review, the therapeutic uses of bryophytes were focused in detail. This will highlight bryophytes as potential source for phytotherapeutic remedies and chemical products used in different fields of chemistry, pharmacology, bioiogy and different branches of life sciences.

Abstract:The incorporation of garlic meal (GM) in diets for European seabass juveniles were evaluated with a diet containing 43% protein and 17% lipid (gross energy 19kJ/g diet). Experimental diets with GM incorporation of 0, 2, 4, and 6% were fed to fish (10.60 ±0.16 g) until satiation for 60-days. Significant differences (p<0.05) were recorded for growth performance, with the highest rate in the 4% GM group, followed by the control group. Improved feed conversion (FCR) and protein efficiency rates (PER) were observed in the GM4 group compared to the other treatments. Nitrogen retention as a percent of intake was highest in the in GM4 group. Significantly higher values (p<0.05) were found for body protein and lipid, and lower values (p<0.05) for the hepatosomatic, viscerasomatic or mesenteric fat indexes in the GM4 group compared to the other treatments. Fish fed garlic supplemented diets showed lower saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), but higher polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) compared to the control group with no garlic treatment. Results indicate that dietary GM inclusion of 4% can improve fish growth and nutrient utilization with an increase of fish muscle quality by elevated PUFA concentrations, and a reduction of total nitrogen excretion.

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Depending on the world population, the importance of water resources and the consumption of aquatic organisms as a food source are increasing day by day. The presence of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are involved in critically important biochemical and physiological processes in the body, emphasizes the importance of seafood consumption. Shellfish are low in calories but rich in protein and omega-3 fatty acids. They also contain high amounts of many micronutrients, including iron, zinc, magnesium and B12. Consuming shellfish regularly can boost immunity, aid weight loss, and support brain and heart health. However, shellfish is one of the common food allergens, and some species may contain contaminants and heavy metals. Aquatic products poisoning occurs with the consumption of unhealthy seafood or fish containing toxins. Symptoms cause severe and fatal poisoning in consumers, depending on the presence and concentration of the toxin. To prevent food poisoning, information on the growing conditions of the species should be provided and regularly inspected for toxins (heavy metal poisoning and allergic reactions).