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The aim of this work is the microelemental analysis of blood serum samples collected from healthy and ill cows (downer cow syndrome (DCS)). Today the origin of DCS is uncertain. At the beginning of our work, we assume some connections among the diminution of some nutritive elements from food, the activity of some enzymes and the origin of DCS. The samples were collected from cows at some animal farms on the neighbourhood of Targoviste city. To obtain a microelemental monitoring of these samples, we used a nuclear analysis method PIXE (Particle Induced X-Rays Emission) and a spectrometric one ICP(Induced Coupled Plasma). ForCa and P content of the analysed samples, we used PIXE based on the internal standard method. The ICP analysis method was used for Mg content determination. The determinations of phosphatase alkaline enzyme of analysed blood serum samples were made by a spectrometric analysis using Bessey-Lowry method. In studying diseases a significant variation in Ca, P, Mg and enzyme contents was observed. Those changes correlate with age, season of alimentation and type of disease.