BackgroundControlled exposures of animals and humans to particulate matter (PM) or ozone air pollution cause an increase in plasma levels of endothelin-1, a potent vasoconstrictor that regulates pulmonary arterial pressure.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this field study was to determine whether Mexico City children, who are chronically exposed to levels of PM and O3 that exceed the United States air quality standards, have elevated plasma endothelin-1 levels and pulmonary arterial pressures.MethodsWe conducted a study of 81 children, 7.9 ± 1.3 years of age, lifelong residents of either northeast (n = 19) or southwest (n = 40) Mexico City or Polotitlán (n = 22), a control city with PM and O3 levels below the U.S. air quality standards. Clinical histories, physical examinations, and complete blood counts were done. Plasma endothelin-1 concentrations were determined by immunoassay, and pulmonary arterial pressures were measured by Doppler echocardiography.ResultsMexico City children had higher plasma endothelin-1 concentrations compared with controls (p < 0.001). Mean pulmonary arterial pressure was elevated in children from both northeast (p < 0.001) and southwest (p < 0.05) Mexico City compared with controls. Endothelin-1 levels in Mexico City children were positively correlated with daily outdoor hours (p = 0.012), and 7-day cumulative levels of PM air pollution < 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) before endothelin-1 measurement (p = 0.03).ConclusionsChronic exposure of children to PM2.5 is associated with increased levels of circulating endothelin-1 and elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure.
Los anillos vasculares son anomalías congénitas derivadas de un desarrollo anormal de los componentes que forman los primitivos arcos aórticos en el embrión. El origen anómalo de la arteria pulmonar izquierda, conocido como hamaca de la arteria pulmonar, es una rara anomalía congénita en la cual la arteria pulmonar izquierda se origina de la arteria pulmonar derecha, pasa por detrás de la tráquea y cruza hacia la izquierda por delante del esófago para alcanzar el hilio pulmonar izquierdo. En la literatura anglosajona se conoce como sling, y en nuestro idioma como «hamaca». Informamos el caso de una niña de 3 años, cuyo padecimiento se inició con disnea y diaforesis. La sospecha de hamaca de la arteria pulmonar izquierda se realizó con un ecocardiograma, y el diagnóstico definitivo con una tomografía computada multicorte. La tomografía computada multicorte permite el diagnóstico de anomalías cardiacas y vasculares, e incluye también imágenes claras de las vías aérea y digestiva.Palabras clave: Anillos vasculares. Arteria pulmonar izquierda en hamaca. Tomografía computada multicorte. Bronquio puente.
NCT www.medigraphic.org.mx Bronquio puente con agenesia del bronquio principal derecho y arteria pulmonar izquierda en hamaca: causa de estridor en niños. Reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura
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